Custom Essay Writing - Your Tips For Writing One

Custom Essay Writing - Your Tips For Writing OneIt is often said that the custom essay writing includes all elements of writing a document. This is certainly not true and there are several other methods that should be followed. We will be discussing several such methods which you may take into consideration to increase your productivity in custom essay writing.The first one is 'The first paragraph'. This is the only paragraph in your essay, which is probably the most important. This paragraph should start with what the reader wants to know, start with what you are writing and end with your conclusion. It should be composed in a manner that allows you to develop an argumentation from the paragraphs below.The second method is 'The initial introduction' and is used to guide the reader towards the main points that will later be discussed. You should be able to show how the particular topic would relate to your topic by using this method. Use of strong-worded sentences or paragraphs with a more professional tone would be recommended to enhance the readability.The third method is the summary paragraph which is used to conclude your essay and is to be completed on the last paragraph. Use of these paragraphs is required to give a comprehensive summary of your essay's content to the reader.The fourth method is 'The short and true story' which is meant to convince the reader that your writing has its own merit and is worthwhile reading. It should be written using a less-than-perfect grammar which helps to make the writing readable.The fifth method is 'The essay novellas' which is suitable for those people who may have no strong scientific backgrounds. It can also be used for some writing assignments if you are unsure about the general style and content of the essay. The use of stories to inform the readers is very popular among authors.There are many ways to ensure that your essays are well written and your essay gets read by many who may be interested in your essay. So, try these techniques and you will see that custom essay writing is really very easy.

Transforming Life Stages and Special Needs Students

Special education students have a more difficult time transforming through the stages of the Life Span and Life Course Theories produced by Erik Erikson and Kohlberg, requiring extra help from teachers, parents, and volunteers who can provide the essential knowledge and positive examples. After knowing and understanding the theories produced by Kohlberg and Erikson researchers will have a better understanding of how humans develop and transform into new stages and what it takes for a person to move through stages in life. Through volunteering a researcher can learn first-hand how these theories apply in real life by spending time with special education students. Special needs students require help from teachers and guardians to aid in†¦show more content†¦Kohlberg stayed focused on moral development and followed his three stage categories: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional. According to McDevitt and Ormrod (2007), the Preconvention stage consists of anyon e before the age nine or seen in preschool children, most elementary school students, some junior high school students, and a few high school students. During the Preconventional stage, children focus on only self-interest and obey rules to avoid punishment or gain a reward. In the Conventional stage it contains the adolescence age and morality begins to kick in. They care for others and realize the concept of rules and laws. The last stage in Kohlberg’s’ theory, Post conventional which means the child begins to understand the effects of their actions from ethical principles. Kohlberg believed that people progress in their moral reasoning through the series of stages and that a person could not skip stages or move back and forth between stages. Kohlberg believed a person must complete one stage completely before moving onto the next and all lessons and morals learned previously would help the person in each future stage. Erik Erikson came up with a different approach. Erikson published a chart called â€Å"Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development,† which gave an approximate age the person should be when going through specific stages. There are eight stages to this theory which consistShow MoreRelated How a Bill Becomes Law Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant time to complete. The course materials of week three offer more than enough information on how the procedure works. This essay will, mainly, use the course materials to describe the process of how a bill becomes a law. The process of transforming a bill into a law requires the participation of both the Legislative branch and Executive branch of government. Before there is a law, there is a bill – and bills have many phases to pass through before these may become laws. The course materialsRead MoreEssay about Student and Utah State University1194 Words   |  5 Pagesprevious theme the development of a market and how to determine if a product fits or if it needs alteration. Now, we look at the product in the marketplace and how long it can survive. All products have a lifecycle. They begin as an idea that needs Research and Development (RD) or time to develop. This is a direct cost to the company. Once the product and/or service is ready to be marketed, it goes through five stages: development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Utah State University Eastern Read MoreLearning Is Viewed As One Of The Most Important Interactive Activities1643 Words   |  7 Pageschildren engage. Although most learning occurs outside of the school setting, it is the heart of the educational process. Psychologists and philosophers searched to understand the true nature of learning, why and how learning occurs at different stages in life and how it can have an influence through teaching methods and similar endeavors. For many years, various learning theories have been listed as suggestions and these theories differ with understandable reasons. Whether theories are based on scientificRead MorePositive and Negative Impacts of the Internet on Education.1634 Words   |  7 Pageschanges, even if momentarily, the costs of transactions between at least two actors, elements or nodes, in the network†Ã‚   (Regis Cabral) â€Å"The three stages in the process of innovation: invention, translation and commercialization† (Bruce D. Merrifield) â€Å"The ability to deliver new value to a customer† (Jose Campos) â€Å"Innovation is the way of transforming the resources of an enterprise through the creativity of people into new resources and wealth† (Paul Schumann) â€Å"Innovation does not relate just toRead MoreCrime and Violence2453 Words   |  10 PagesIn Trinidad and Tobago we are presently faced with an alarming number of acts of violence and crime. Whatever the precise cause of the problem, the harsh consequences are that as a nation we are losing our young people, particularly to a life of crime and violence because most of our crime are being carried out by young peoples particularly males. In the fight against the increase in acts of crime and violence in Trinidad and Tobago we as a nation must take the initiative to address the issues ofRead MoreEssay on Saudi Arabia: A Brief History1797 Words   |  8 Pagesdrastic changes in the society, especially during the past 30 years. Oil provided the Saudi state with extraordinary wealth to build the economic and material infrastructure of the country, transforming the state into a rapidly modernizing landscape. These changes have influenced the social and economic aspects of life, inc luding the field of education. (Al-Gahtany, 2001, p.14). Oil wealth has enabled the state to make great achievements in the fields of education, technology, health, and material affluenceRead MoreLife Experiences And Formative Learning2483 Words   |  10 PagesLife experiences and formative learning is the cornerstone in developing the personal framework that drives our internal fire to reach for the stars. The structure of our family, formative time with teachers, and friendships early in our life begin to mold how we think of the world. â€Å"This formative learning occurs in childhood both through socialization (informal or tacit learning of norms from parents, friends, and mentors that allows us to fit into society) and through our schooling† (MezirowRead MoreIncorporating Education Theories in the Classroom2285 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Incorporating Education Theories In The Classroom Introduction Education is an essential aspect to the lives of students and teachers. As stated by Smith, Dockrell, Tomlinson (1997) in their valuation of the connection between pedagogical approaches and cultural diversity, the interpretation of the conceptual framework of the curriculum requires the understanding of cultural backgrounds. The concept of development and learning requires the involvement of individuals, their self-regulatory abilitiesRead MoreEarly Writing Intervention : School Curriculum3058 Words   |  13 Pages Early Writing Intervention Mohammad Binmanee Ferris State University ESPN 505 Assessing Students with Special Needs April 22, 2014 â€Æ' Early writing intervention Introduction: School curriculum has always stressed the importance of writing (U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, 2003), though it has less focus in research than reading. The work paid to improve the written instructions for the schools is accompanied by severalRead MoreEducational Experience For Learners Of All Ages2041 Words   |  9 Pagessubjects, they provide vital tools for communication, engagement and successful instruction. It makes sense to incorporate the arts across the curriculum – not only will schools improve, but students will develop important social and emotional skills, we will save money in the long run by keeping our students learning and engaged in work, and we will make the world a more beautiful place. To quote Charles Fowler (1994), The arts are not pretty bulletin boards. They are not turkeys and bunny rabbits

Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1432 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/31 Category Economics Essay Level High school Tags: Macroeconomics Essay Did you like this example? Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize winning economist whose name is among those reaching the peaks of macroeconomics and beyond through his work on international trade among other topics. He is a professor of economics at City University of New York and a columnist for The New York Times. The Prize he received was due to his work in explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic distribution of economies scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Paul Krugman is a Nobel Prize" essay for you Create order Krugmans influence on international trade has helped garner a better understanding of free trade, urbanization and how worldwide trade is dominated by countries of similar conditions and products. The trade theory was based on, as of the mid-1970s, on the notion of comparative advantage. Up until then, David Ricardos theory from the 19th century and Heckscher-Ohlin theory from the 1920s held more weight due to the assumption of trade being conducted either in terms of technology or factor endowments. Comparative advantage is the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than a competitor can. Ricardos theory stated that countries can specialize on the production of goods it produces efficiently and buy the goods it produces less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries it could efficiently produce itself. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory summed down to a capital abundant country exporting relatively capital-intensive goods and importing labor-intensive goods while assuming that both countries hold identical technology. The left side shows that the best place for coconuts is the trading with the best place for wool. Both of their items has to do a lot with the climate due to their geographic location. On the other hand, the right side shows that countries can be similar in abilities but they tend to pick a good that requires large scale production and focus on it so that different countries can come to them for that particular good. For example, Germany luxury cars trading with America for their aircrafts. The new trade began to emerge in the 1970s and was developed by Paul Krugman. This theory focuses on increasing returns to scale and network effects. Before this theory, the only reason trade was seen as a benefit was due to comparative advantage which means countries traded only what they were good at. These theories provided good explanations of the trade patterns in the first half of the 20th century. But as many researchers began to observe, comparative advantage seemed less relevant in the modern world. Today, most trade takes place between countries with similar technologies and similar factor proportions; quite similar goods are often both exported and imported by the same country. Paul Krugman developed that trade is due to increasing returns to scale, not the differences between the countries. He established a technology that indicates that it is cheaper to operate at large scale when extra units of a good are produced. When countries focus on the production of large quantities of specific products, it reduces production costs allowing for them to reap greater economies of scale. As a result, even if there are not differences in endowments, including culture and institutions, international trade is still beneficial. This is a form specialization which also helps to gain other network benefits while attaining a gain in economies of scale. The rate of scale is an increase in production which is related to the increase in factors of production. This is a relationship between input and output. There is a certain amount of input where the output remains constant so the best place for companies plugging in these inputs is to do it with the least amount of input generating the most output which in this case is at the number 3 for the scale of inputs. The new trade theory could also be said to show a role of government through their support in the growth of vital industries and in the promotion of new industries. There are many Asian economies who had protection and support from their governments which provides sustenance to this element of the new trade theory. For example, the support of the Japans government in the car industry. This evidence backs up the belief that a few years of support through tariff protection and domestic subsidies could be the encouragement needed in capital-intensive industries. There is also a downfall to government support because it could create a tendency for powerful businesses to rely on state support which could encourage inefficiency. The infant industry is another argument that justifies tariffs on imports to aid in the development of diverse industries. If a country could establish economies of scale through infrastructure then they can develop a comparative advantage and to do so they would place tariffs on countries where their industries have a dormant comparative advantage. While many developing countries have comparative advantage in minerals and agriculture, the long term production could be disadvantageous due to low-income elasticity of demand and unstable prices. The up and downs of supply and demand could be overcome if a developing country were to diversify the economy which could be done through a provision of a domestic market in lieu of a lack of capital markets through tariffs that will be reduced once the industries become more efficient. Urbanization, which has played a big part through specialization in the new trade theory, can be seen as a consequence of economic growth. It can also be seen as an extension of a process driven by technological and institutional changes in different countries. For example, specialization in the Silicon Valley surrounding the industry of IT expanded when Hewlett and Packard began the computer business. This is an outcome of network benefit which resulted in new firms popping up around older IT firms. The network effects can also be called the bandwagon effect where there is no intention to create value for others but it occurs anyway. The new trade theory also becomes an explanatory factor in the growth of globalization meaning that poor, underdeveloped countries that lag behind the economies of scale cannot hope to ever cultivate certain industries in their countries. There is not because of comparative advantage but due to the large economies of scale already owned by established firms. The increase in variety is a result of globalization. For example, there is heavy branding in the British and Italian labels so they hold a position in monopolistic competition even when they do not have a particular comparative advantage in producing clothes. The firms who have been a part of a certain industry for a long time have a certain advantage as opposed to new firms who cannot compete against these mature firms. The limited competition that global industries with great economies of scale face lead to a form of monopolistic competition. The element is very important in the new trade theory and it proposes that firms in their specialized industry are not just competing on simple price but also on branding and quality to out qualify the other and increase their demand. The number of firms in a competitive monopolistic industry and prices charged by them are affected by the size of market. The increase of the market size is credited to the opening up of a country to free trade. CC: AC= F/Q + c = n x F/S + c PP: P = c + 1/ (b x n). A type of imperfect rivalry, meaning monopolistic competition, is where many producers sell different products that are different from each another. There will be no single firm that controls the market and some firms will be larger than others. Aside from the automotive, pharmaceuticals and aerospace industries, another example is the fast food industry. On every corner of America, where there is a McDonalds, there will be a Burger King or Wendys or literally any other place that can serve food just as fast. The fast food restaurants will have something in their items that distinguishes them and that is a part of the new trade theory. The U.S. is big on imports more than exports which means there is a trade deficit. However, the investment of other countries is done in dollar so that makes Americas currency strong. The benefits of international trade outweigh the disadvantages that come with it. Paul Krugman influenced international trade through his analysis on trade patterns and location of economic activity. He revolutionized international trade by allowing other countries to take a step forward in strengthening their own economies through the commerce and trade. It has allowed underdeveloped countries to flourish and grow.

Business Research Mcdonalds Corp. - 2833 Words

Research: McDonald’s Corporation C. Michael Larpenter, Justin Dowdy, Whitney White, Varonika Allen Business Research 351 University of Phoenix Debra Bacon October 29, 2012 The purpose of the following essay will be to discuss the significance, scope, magnitude and feasibility of finding a solution to the issue, opportunity, or†¦show more content†¦The collection instrument that will be used for this study will be mail-in surveys. The mail-in surveys will cover the majority of the target population. This type of instrument is that no matter the economic situation of the participants, everyone can mail in a survey that has prepaid postage. The only concern here is if every target will take the time to fill out the survey and mail it in within the time frame given. The distribution will take place at the schools. The survey packet will be sent home with the target students for the parents to fill out and mail back in to the researchers. â€Å"As large businesses continue to right-size or reduce their work forces as a way to remain competitive, small businesses are increasingly viewed as affording the most opportunities for viewed as affording the most opportunities for job seekers† â€Å"It contended that the real job growth (2.6 million) was with firms employing five or fewer employees organizations it terms as micro businesses† (Beck, 1996, p. 28). Business reports must have a regular assess to exceed strategic goals, customer, and partner expectation. The person in charge must have gathered information to provide an educated guess. The managers must take an initiative and see what will happen next. With compliance the voluntary and local governments include a safety study. The managers are committed to answering the following statements. TheShow MoreRelatedInitial Public Offering Paper1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe focus of this paper is to examine and research the financing issues that an organization must face when going public. The team has selected Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. as the organization which has had an initial public offering in the last three years. The learning team will address registra tion, disclosure, and compliance issues and cost of issuance. In addition, the team will examine the impact on ownership control and return as well as the source and application of funds. Financing IssuesRead MoreStarbucks Case Analysis1391 Words   |  6 Pagesmost countries (Starbucks Corp. (food), 2012) Weaknesses * Share price fell by 43% due to commercializing the business (Passikoff, 2008) * Price senstaive customers choosing other places to get their coffee (Starbucks Corp. (food), 2012) * Overall weak performance in the UK (Starbucks Corp. (food), 2012) * Starbucks cut back on new store openings in the United states (Janet, 2007) * Risky TV camping (Kang, 2007) * Competition from McDonald’s and Dunkin Donuts caused profitsRead MoreEssay on Mcdonalds Operation Strategy1555 Words   |  7 PagesMcDonald’s utilizes an excellent operations strategy in order to gain a larger market share and increase value to the shareholders. The corporation specifically focuses on speed, standardization, quality, and affordability. McDonalds has moved ahead of the competition by focusing on these factors. McDonald’s competes on three main bases, such as speed, affordability, and standardization, mainly to make their customers happy. Through extensive market research and surveys, the organization discoveredRead MoreBurger King : The Financial Analysis1016 Words   |  5 Pages McDonald’s V.s. Burger King: The Financial Analysis Paige Pruitt Florida Southwestern State College â€Æ' Abstract: Finances were examined in affective processing, in the context of figuring out who should the people invest in to get there profitable outcome. Both MCD and QSR are going to have their differences in what they each bring to the table, however, reviewing the cash flow, income statement and financial activities, this narrative research paper is going to explain what is going to haveRead MoreThe Health And Weight Loss963 Words   |  4 Pagesbased on research funded by companies that profit off of your food choices, - currently, much of the research regarding health and weight loss is funded by companies such as Coca Cola and Kellogg- therefore therefore, you are the one fulfilling their desire (CBS, 2015). The idea that large companies and the media dictate our daily lives has slowly become common knowledge. Therefore, one must be cautious in regards of the sources he or she trusts. For instance, Steve Blair, who conducts research thatRead MoreFast Food Industry : The World s Largest Restaurant Chain And Now Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fast food restaurant McDonald’s is the world’s largest restaurant chain and now they are expanding even further. Those iconic golden arches spread wide from large urban centers to rural towns. The global giant has sets its sites for further expansion into the country of India. McDonald’s Corporation understands the struggles of tapping into the India culture as each country presents its own unique sets of challenges that must be navigated in order for a new business venture to be successful.Read MoreHow to Build Your Small Business Customer Base929 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you decide to start your own business every person wants it to be successful. When deciding what to offer as a product to consumers a lot of research should be done. You want your product to sell, you want to choose a product that you can give the impression that ‘what would they do without it!’ Most products are developed based on consumer need. If a consumer puts the idea out there that they wish a certain product was able to do one thing or another, a company designs itRead MoreKraft Foods Board of Directors Essay1072 Words   |  5 PagesFoods Group, Inc., Medivation, Inc. | Myra Maloney Hart, 72Independent Director | Kraft Foods Group, Inc., Nina Mclemore Llc, Babson College, Center For Women’s Business Research, Ecornell | John C. Pope, 63Independent Director | Kraft Foods Group, Inc., Waste Management, Inc., R.r. Donnelley amp; Sons Co., Navistar International Corp., Con-way, Inc., Pfi Group Llc | E. Follin Smith, 53Independent Director | Ryder System, Inc., Kraft Foods Group, Inc., Darden School Foundation, Davidson CollegeRead MoreMcdonalds Management Principles And Reward Systems1356 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s is one of the most leading foodservice retailers in the world, with over 35,000 local restaurants in more than 100 countries. It is renowned for its cheeseburgers, hamburgers, chicken products, breakfast meals, desserts, french fries and shakes. The business first originated in 1940 in San Bernardino, California by Maurice and Richard McDonald and in 1954 Ray Kroc joined, where they built the business into the most successful food chain and has become the most loved fast food brand aroundRead MoreRatio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flow: Wendys vs. McDonalds.1469 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of size; if a company has no cash flow it would have to cease doing business. For the McDonalds Corporation, cash flow from operating during the time period end ing December 2004 was $3,903,600,000. The balance sheet of McDonalds also reveals that the cash flow generated by investing was $1,383,100,000 through December 31, 2004, according to annual data, and cash flow from financial activities was $1,633,500,000. McDonalds major competitor, Wendys International Inc. generated $130,217,000 from

The Process Of Writing A Paper - 953 Words

The process of writing a paper can differ based on the individual writing the paper and the level of writing experience that the particular student has. For the most part, all papers follow the same general form. They require planning to start, which can be done in an outline. In some cases, research is also needed, and with research comes with citations. All good papers though, must contain a focus or main idea and topic sentences among other things. Outlining a paper can be helpful to some because it helps organize it. An unorganized paper can seem cluttered and give off the perception that the writer is confused about the topic. The outline is the place where decisions on what is going to be put into paper and the order that it will be written in. Outlines do not have to be complex or go into extreme detail. They just have to be organized, and break the paper down in to each topic. Depending on the kind of paper or essay that is being written, research is needed more times than not. When researching a certain topic, it is important to pay attention to the source itself. Just because it is online or written somewhere doesn’t mean it is a credible source, but there are certain ways to identify credible sources. Websites that end in .gov are certified government sites, therefore all information found on them is factual. Certain cites are known to be reliable and others are known not to be. A good example of this would be Wikipedia, which is one of the most popular onlineShow MoreRelated Process Analysis Essay for Writing Papers648 Words   |  3 Pages Process Analysis Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When writing a paper it can be very difficult unless you break it up into sections. When I had to write my first paper I felt like a man on a desert island all alone without a clue on how to do anything. But with the help of a few teachers they taught me how to survive on the island of writing papers. What the teachers taught me was that just like everything in life it needs to be taken in steps. The steps they taught me still apply to the papers I write to this dayRead MoreA Six-Step Writing Process804 Words   |  3 Pages research paper or a tweet on the Internet. What if I told you there was a simpler way to write that allows information to be organized as well as presented better? The writing process consists of six main steps. These six steps consist of pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, proofreading and publishing. Some of these steps are more prominent in the process, but as a whole these steps assist in the creating of a clear and well-written pap er. To help demonstrate the writing process in simplerRead MoreHow I Learned From Class Into My Writing876 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of the semester I thought Writing 102 was going to be very similar to other writing courses that I have taken. However, as the semester wore on, I came to the realization that this course would be challenging for me. I have always thought that my writing was fine and that I could skate by with mediocre papers. This thought process could not have been further from the truth. To be successful in writing classes such as this one, I needed to follow a writing process. I needed to utilize the informationRead MoreReflection Paper1317 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge when it came to writing. I used to struggle with forming my thoughts into writing, let alone a paper. I was never confident with what I wrote. My writing had no greater purpose other than the assignment. My writing process included: writing my paper, proofreading it, and turning it in. Once the paper left my hands, it also left my mind. Throughout this course we worked with others, visited the writing lab, wrote critiques, and we were able to revise our papers. I believe that all of thisRead MoreAn Analysis Of Elizabeth Wardle And Doug Downs State987 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting started on writing a text? Is it turn on music, get yourself alone in a room, turn on the TV? Whatever it is, everyone has their own writing process. Elizabeth Wardle and Doug Downs state, â€Å"†¦it would seem that if you want to become a more versatile, capable, powerful writer, you need to be pretty aware of which activities, behaviors, habits, and approaches lead to your strongest writing-and which don’t†(170). The writing process has a major effect on the effectiveness of the paper it’s got to doRead More6 Traits Of The Writing Process Essay examples1242 Words   |  5 PagesSix Traits of the Writing Process: Which one works? Introduction Conn McQuinn from Puget Sound ESD in Burien, Washington guides teachers and students alike through a writing process with the analogy of creating a Magnifique pizza and Six Trait Writing Links. Pamela Arlov wrote a book titled Wordsmith: A guide to college writing, which explains the writing process. We are going to compare the six traits of writing by Conn McQuinn and the writing process by Pamela Arlov and determine whichRead MoreThe Course Of English 102 With Professor Lyn Has Negatively My Growth As A Writer And Thinker1007 Words   |  5 Pagesimpacted my writing and me as an individual. Not only did the course help me improve my writing, but it helped me think of the ideas and norms that we ascribe to in the world as more complex. This portfolio shows how some of the learning objectives of English 102 reflects my growth as a writer and thinker. The papers that are included in this portfolio demonstrate my mastery of the learning objectives of this course. There are first d rafts to show where I began in my writing process and final draftsRead MoreEssay on The Writing Process944 Words   |  4 PagesConsider how the writing process you read about in this class differs from the process you have used in the past. What specifically have you done in the past compared to what you read about this week? . The process that I have read about in this class differs a lot from the process I have used in the past in many different ways. I n the past when I was given a writing assignment if research was needed I just found the basic information I needed and write the paper. After the readings this weekRead MoreCritical Thinking Reflection1121 Words   |  5 PagesW233 helped shape my writing and critical thinking by reframing my concept of what constitutes a good piece of writing. 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Communication and Information Technologies Security Technology

Question: Describe about the Communication and Information Technologies for Security Technology. Answer: Report on Fingerprint Technology Introduction Fingerprint security technology involves using thumbprint of a user as a proof of identity. It has been scientifically confirmed that no two thumbprints are ever identical and hence, it can be used as a genuine mark of an identity (Ramotowski 2012). Fingerprint security systems are widely used all over the world. Fingerprint Technology Advantages Security of Identity Fingerprint technology provides a very strong security for verification of identity. Since, fingerprint of a particular individual is unique, it cannot be faked and reproduced by any other means. Hence, it can definitely confirm the identity of an individual. Accurate Management System Fingerprint technology provides the advantage of a very accurate management system. In the manual verification system, a lot of time is consumed and moreover, identity can easily be faked (Lewis 2014). In the fingerprint system, identity verification system is done much more accurately and can be done in literally seconds. Disadvantages Cost The cost of biometric systems are generally very high. Hence, this is a big setback for an organization that wants to implement the fingerprint detection system. Errors Low cost gadgets are very much prone to errors. Sometimes, they fail to capture the fingerprint easily and the individual has to place his thumb in different angles in order to finally get captured (Tan et al. 2014). Again, due to internal errors, some gadgets wrongly identify an authorized individual as unauthorized and vice versa. This results in a lot of confusion and lack of an efficient system. Matching Methods Correlation-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of fingerprint matching system involves comparison of the captured print with the print in the database in the same pixel and alignment. The user needs to provide the fingerprint in the same angle and alignment as had been provided earlier in the database. If the alignment and angle do not match, the verification fails. Minutiae-Based Fingerprint Matching This type of system is more efficient and saves a lot of time by consuming a very small computational time (Kaur and Kaur 2016). This system does not check angle, pixel or alignment; rather it detects the minutiae pattern of the captured print and uses it to match the one in the database. Ridge-Feature-Based Fingerprint Matching This matching system used a rating system based on the matching aspects of the fingerprints angle, alignment, pixel, minutiae pattern and others. Chance of matching decreases with the decrease of the score as well as the vector pattern of the captured print. Touch Sensor vs. Sweep Sensor Touch Sensor Sweep Sensor In this sensor, the user has to touch the specified spot with the thumb In this sensor, the gadget scans the thumb of the user with a laser without any physical contact It is more time consuming It is less time consuming It is prone to errors It is more accurate It is less costly It is more costly It uses physical print scanning device It uses laser technology for scanning the print Conclusion Before the invention of the fingerprint sensors, the identity verification systems mostly depended on using just a password or combination of symbols that was known by a specific user only. However, with the advancement of technology, the new physiological biometric system, namely, fingerprint detection system was developed. It is known that the fingerprint of a particular individual is unique and will never be identical with some elses one. Nowadays, fingerprint identification technology is a very popular biometric system and is widely used by different organizations and companies. 2: Message Digest (MD5) Message Digest (MD5) A widely used hash function that is used to produce 128-bit hash value is Message Digest (MD5). MD5 can easily be as a cryptographic hash function. However, it has been found that it has a lot of external and internal vulnerabilities. Hence, it is only used for verifying data integrity by using it as a checksum. Two Applications of MD5 One of the most important applications of MD5 is providing assurance of safe and intact transfer of a file from one device to another through the internet. MD5 acts as a checksum and compresses the file with a particular value before transmission (Kumar et al. 2013). MD5 will notify error and that will mean that the file could not be sent intact. Another application of MD5 can be found in electronic discovery. In this field, MD5 is generally used to create a unique identification number for a document under the legal discovery section. MD5 Algorithm Steps During application of MD5 algorithm, there are five steps through which the message is sent. These steps are as follows. Padded Bits The message that is to be sent is padded by the algorithm in a way that the length of the message is congruent to 448 (modulo 512). After this, one 1 bit and then 0 bits are added in order to make the length of the message in bits is equal to 448 modulo 512. Append Length To the result of the padding step, one 64-bit representation of b is appended such that the resultants length is a multiple of 512. MD Buffer Initializing A four word buffer (A, B, C, D) is created where each of A, B, C and D is a 32-bit register. This buffer is used to calculate the message digest. Message Processing In this step, four auxiliary functions are used. Three 32-bit words are provided to these functions as inputs (Dubey et al. 2012). From the output, a single 32-bit word is generated. Output As an output, the message digest is obtained in the form of A, B, C, D. 3: Biometric Security Systems Biometric security systems are those that use biological characteristics of a particular individual in order to identify them. These characteristics include fingerprint, voice, retina and others. There are two modes of biometric security systems. These are as follows. Enrolment Mode In this mode, the characteristic of the individual like retina, fingerprint or voice pattern is enrolled within the gadget and authorized by the system admin. After the entry is enrolled, it will be used as the verification sample and cannot be changed again. Recognition Mode In this mode, the entry of the individual is verified by matching with the original entry made in the enrolment mode (Schumacher et al. 2013). Since, the retina, fingerprint or voice pattern of an individual is unique, any different entry will mark it as invalid or unauthorized if it does not match with any one pattern in the database. 4: Columnar Transposition Encryption Codeword: PRINTER Message to Encrypt: COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION It has been agreed that the transposition is to reverse the order of the letters of the codeword and then swap pairs of letters, starting at the right-hand end. Hence, the new keyword will be RTEINPR Hence, the permutation order will be 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 Now, the message to be encrypted is arranged as follows. 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 C O M M U N I C A T I O N A N D I N F O R M A T I O N Q Here, Q is used as a NULL function to fill the column. Hence, the encrypted message will be: MTIT MINI UOFO NNON IARQ CCNM OADA References Bjorkman, B. and Talbert, R., 2015. Fixed Points of Columnar Transpositions.Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography,18(5), pp.541-557. Dubey, A.K., Dubey, A.K., Namdev, M. and Shrivastava, S.S., 2012, September. Cloud-user security based on RSA and MD5 algorithm for resource attestation and sharing in java environment. InSoftware Engineering (CONSEG), 2012 CSI Sixth International Conference on(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Dutt, D.C., Somayaji, A.B. and Bingham, M.J.K., Zighra Inc., 2016.System and method for behavioural biometric authentication using program modelling. U.S. Patent Application 15/059,692. Gaines, H.F., 2014.Cryptanalysis: A study of ciphers and their solution. Courier Corporation. Gao, M., Hu, X., Cao, B. and Li, D., 2014, June. Fingerprint sensors in mobile devices. In2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications(pp. 1437-1440). IEEE. Kaur, M. and Kaur, S., 2016. A Secure Bio-Metric Fingerprint Recognition using Neural Network.International Journal of Computer Applications,147(8). Kester, Q.A., 2013. A Hybrid Cryptosystem Based on Vigenere Cipher and Columnar Transposition Cipher.arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.7786. Kumar, H., Kumar, S., Joseph, R., Kumar, D., Singh, S.K.S. and Kumar, P., 2013, April. Rainbow table to crack password using MD5 hashing algorithm. InInformation Communication Technologies (ICT), 2013 IEEE Conference on(pp. 433-439). IEEE. Kumari, P., Kumar, S. and Vaish, A., 2014, July. Feature extraction using emprical mode decomposition for biometric system. InSignal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 283-287). IEEE. Lasry, G., Kopal, N. and Wacker, A., 2016. Cryptanalysis of columnar transposition cipher with long keys.Cryptologia, pp.1-25. Lewis, B., 2014. Report Provides Insight Into Mobile ID Fingerprint Technology. Majumdar, S., Maiti, A., Bhattacharyya, B. and Nath, A., 2015. A New Bit-level Columnar Transposition Encryption Algorithm.International Journal,3(7). Pratt, J., Pearson, L. and Sullivan, M., AtT Intellectual Property I, LP, 2013.System and method for device security with a plurality of authentication modes. U.S. Patent 8,595,804. Ramotowski, R. ed., 2012.Lee and Gaensslen's advances in fingerprint technology. CRC Press. Ratna, A.A.P., Purnamasari, P.D., Shaugi, A. and Salman, M., 2013, June. Analysis and comparison of MD5 and SHA-1 algorithm implementation in Simple-O authentication based security system. InQiR (Quality in Research), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 99-104). IEEE. Schumacher, M., Fernandez-Buglioni, E., Hybertson, D., Buschmann, F. and Sommerlad, P., 2013.Security Patterns: Integrating security and systems engineering. John Wiley Sons. Simoens, K., Bringer, J., Chabanne, H. and Seys, S., 2012. A framework for analyzing template security and privacy in biometric authentication systems.IEEE Transactions on Information forensics and security,7(2), pp.833-841. Stevens, M., Lenstra, A.K. and De Weger, B., 2012. Chosen-prefix collisions for MD5 and applications.International Journal of Applied Cryptography,2(4), pp.322-359. Tan, J., Xu, L., Li, T., Su, B. and Wu, J., 2014. Image?Contrast Technology Based on the Electrochemiluminescence of Porous Silicon and Its Application in Fingerprint Visualization.Angewandte Chemie,126(37), pp.9980-9984. Xie, T., Liu, F. and Feng, D., 2013. Fast Collision Attack on MD5.IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive,2013, p.170.

Promoting Health in Extened Care for Health Issues- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePromoting Health in Extened Care for Health Issues. Answer: Ageing being an irreversible and a gradual process of development, requires specialized nursing care. Ageing is associated with physiological, psychological, physical and mental health issues and should be put into consideration. This essay will discuss the major health issues highlighted in the case study of Amalie. Amalie is a female client with an age of 89 years. She is a German but she stays in Australia where she was married by a sailor who died two years ago due to lung cancer. In the past two years, Amalies health status has been worsening gradually forcing her to withdraw from all kind of the activities she had engaged herself in including losing contact with the community. Recently, Amalie developed dry macular degeneration and problems with mobility due to rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. She has a positive medical history of hypothyroidism, macular degeneration and arthritis. The three priorities of nursing care to be discussed are risk of falls, pain management and activities of daily living (ADL). The Millers Functional Consequences model and Levette-Jones Clinical Reasoning cycle will be used in identification, assessment, implementation and evaluation of nursing care. Body The first priority of nursing care is activities of daily living. From the scenario, Amalie is not able to conduct the various activities of daily living due to her health deterioration. She developed rheumatoid and osteoarthritis which made her develop mobility issues. Additionally, according to the referral letter from her GP, Amalie is stated to have joint stiffness, limited movement of joints, painful joints, swollen feet and joints and occasional dizziness. Due to dry macular degeneration, she is reported to have vision deficits which also contributed to her limited movements from her house. Additionally, Amalie is reported to have isolation behaviors, inadequate feeding and weight loss. Generally, these are some of the factors which largely contributed to reduced ability to carry out daily activities of living (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). Activities of Daily Living refers to basic form of activities that are performed by people every day important for independent life in the community and at home. ADLs can be categorized into five which include dressing, eating, continence maintenance and personal hygiene which involves grooming, bathing and oral care (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). Transferring oneself from one point to another is also an ADL. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) refers to the actions that enable an individual have an independent life. They are important to the health care professionals as they guide on the level and kind of assistance needed by the patient (Capezuti, Boltz, Cline, Dickson, Rosenberg, Wagner Nigolian, 2012). The IDLS include basic skills of communication, transportation which involves driving, preparation of meals, shopping and medication. Management of medications without missing doses and housework are also other useful IADLs. Geriatric assessment is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional and it is sued in evaluation of the functioning ability, cognitive functioning, physical health, socio-economic situations and mental health of an old patient (Clement, Ploennigs Kabitzsch, 2012). The multidisciplinary team involved should conduct a complete assessment to detect potential issues such as falls, confusions, incontinence and immobility. The multidisciplinary team should adopt a structured approach of conducting the assessment to obtain all the information required to make a proper diagnosis, implement and evaluate care. The assessment should incorporate people like nutritionists, physicians, nurses, social workers and occupational therapists (Ward Reuben, 2016). Physical assessment should be systematic to capture the musculoskeletal which should include reduced range of movement, pain and swelling of legs, osteoarthritis and gait disturbances. When assessing the eyes, they should ask about loss of central vison which is associated with age-related macular degeneration. On general assessment, they should ask on depression, isolation and unintentional loss of weight which impact on ones ability to carry out daily activities (Karlsson, Magnusson, Schewelov Rosengren, 2013) The second priority in Amalies scenario is risk of falls. Amalie is age-89 years with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis which pose a great risk of falls to her. She has a positive medical history of arthritis which can lead to falls risk. Based on the scenario she has vision deficits, joint stiffness, painful joints, dizziness and swollen and painful joints which could lead to falls (Karlsson, Magnusson, Schewelov Rosengren, 2013) Falls are regarded as a marker of immobility, frailty, chronic and acute impairment of health in the elderly. Falls diminish ones level of functioning causing fear of falling, activity limitations, injury and mobility loss. Most injuries such as fractures of forearm, pelvis, humerus or hips among old people result from falls (Gillespie, Robertson, Gillespie, Sherrington, Gates, Clemson Lamb, 2012). The risk factors of falls include demographics such as age more than 75 years, status of household, living alone and history of previous falls (Hunter, 2016). Acute and chronic illnesses, physical deficits, medical prescriptions, cognitive impairment, foot and vision problems. Environmental hazards such as poor lighting and stairs can also lead to falls to the elderly. Medications that are associated with high risk of falls include corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ant-depressants and ant-hypertensives (Huang, Mallet, Rochefort, Eguale, Buckeridge Tamblyn, 2012). When performing a physical assessment on Amalie, the nurses should ask about deformities or problems of joints such as inflammation, visual problems, illnesses, gait disturbance, nutrition and weigh loss (Ward Reuben, 2016). Other things they should ask about are lighting conditions of the home compound and stairs at her home that might lead to her falls. Appropriate measures such as physiotherapy, education on impacts of medications regarding falls and other factors which can lead to falls, proper lighting at home and avoidance of stairs at her home. Medical management is also useful for the illnesses which cause risk of falls. Prevention of falls should be multidisciplinary and multidimensional for positive patent outcome (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). The third priority is pain management. Amalie is aged 89 years and she has swollen and painful joints especially the hip, knee, back and fingers as stated in the referral letter from her GP in the case scenario. From the scenario, Amalie has rheumatoid and osteoarthritis and a positive medical history of arthritis which have largely contributed to her mobility issues making her unable to move out of her house. Due to these mobility problems, Amalie consequently lost physical contact with the community, friends and members of the association she was in. Osteoarthritis is a bone disorder associated with continuous wearing and tearing of specific body joints while rheumatoid is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation of joints (Hunter, 2016). This priority will include the last four steps of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle which include: goal setting, taking action, evaluation of care and a reflection of the entire scenario. The fifth step on setting goals, the main goals of pain management in Amalies scenario is that she should report reduced pain after nursing intervention, she should demonstrate restored emotional, physical and social function after implementation of nursing care interventions and improved adherence to prescribed medications which she seems to skip when she is on intense pain (Levett-Jones, 2013). Pain is among the commonest complaints among old people due to increased chronic diseases and frailty which are associated with increased pain (Hunter, 2016). According to Millers Functional Consequences Model, old people are likely to develop joint and bone disorders, arthritis and other chronic illnesses that are associated with pain (Horgas, Yoon Grall, 2012). If the pain remains untreated, it can lead to negative consequences such as reduced quality of life and health leading to anxiety, depression, social isolation, sleep disturbances, immobility and cognitive impairment (Horgas, 2017). Based on Amalies scenario, it is evident that she has poor quality of life associated with continued isolation behaviors, inability to leave the house due to problems of mobility which are caused by rheumatoid and osteoarthritis bone and joint disorders (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). On the sixth step-taking action- (Levett-Jones, 2013). The best action is provision of analgesics such as paracetamol for relieving pain and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen which relieves fever, pain and inflammation since she has swollen joints. The second action is the non-pharmacological approach of managing pain (Horgas, 2017). This approach should involve educating the patient on nature of pain, instruments used in pain assessment, use of medications, involvement in group programs and strategies of coping with pain to enhance pain tolerance and sooth the pain. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can also be used to promote coping mechanisms (Horgas, 2017). Some of the risk factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis include female gender, age 60 years and above and a medical history of arthritis. Based on these risk factors, it was possible for Amalie to develop rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis are associated with joint pain especially the fingers, hips, knee, hands and elbow. At the onset, rheumatoid is associated with fever, weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue which indicate development of the disease (Singh, Saag, Bridges, Akl, Bannuru, Sullivan Curtis, 2016). Some other symptoms of rheumatoid include joint stiffness, multiple joint swelling and general malaise (Carolan Jorgensen, 2013). The seventh step of the Clinical Reasoning Cycle about evaluation of care should states the outcome of the nursing care. Amalies pain should be reduced and she should be adhering to medications properly. She should also be physically, emotionally and socially active without having to isolate herself from others. Nurses should adequately assess pain in Amalie based on onset, location, frequency, duration, causative factors, aggravating factors, relieving factors of pain and any medications that she has used for pain management. For instance, from the scenario, the referral letter from Amalies GP states that she is on slow release paracetamol and ibuprofen which are important in relieving pain, inflammation and fever (Horgas, Yoon Grall, 2012). As a reflection of the entire scenario, it is my clear understanding that pain, risk of falls and ADLs can largely impact on the general functioning of the elderly. I now understand that patient-centered and holistic care approaches are very useful in the care of the elderly. The clinical Reasoning Model is very critical in nursing care for prioritization of patient needs. Conclusion This essay was meant to purposely analyze the scenario of Amalie and plan for care based on Millers Functional Consequences theory and Levette-Jones Model of Clinical Reasoning. Based on these two models, it was realized that nurses need to be knowledgeable and critically think in order to implement appropriate care. Ageing is an irreversible developmental process that impacts on the functioning of most of the body systems including the musculoskeletal. Ageing is a risk factor to various health conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis and depression especially in a female gender. Nursing priorities such as pain management, risk of falls and Activities of Daily Living were fully addressed in this essay. Both multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches were discussed on management of these priorities of care. Levette-Jones model of clinical reasoning was used to provide guidance on identification of patients priorities of care, setting of goals, planning of care, implementation of interventions and evaluation of the outcome of nursing care. Based on this, I believe that important information regarding Amalie was discussed in the essay. References Capezuti, E., Boltz, M., Cline, D., Dickson, V. V., Rosenberg, M. C., Wagner, L., ... Nigolian, C. (2012). Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Eldersa model for optimising the geriatric nursing practice environment.Journal of Clinical Nursing,21(21-22), 3117-3125. Carolan, D., Jorgensen, J. (2013). Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice.NICHE Planning and Implementation Guide. New York: NYU, 3. Clement, J., Ploennigs, J., Kabitzsch, K. (2012). Smart meter: Detect and individualize ADLs. InAmbient Assisted Living(pp. 107-122). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Gillespie, L. D., Robertson, M. C., Gillespie, W. J., Sherrington, C., Gates, S., Clemson, L. M., Lamb, S. E. (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,9(11). Horgas, A. L. (2017). Pain Management in Older Adults.Nursing Clinics,52(4), e1-e7. Horgas, A. L., Yoon, S. L., Grall, M. (2012). Pain management.Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice, 4th ed. New York, USA: Springer Publishing Company, 246-67. Huang, A. R., Mallet, L., Rochefort, C. M., Eguale, T., Buckeridge, D. L., Tamblyn, R. (2012). Medication-related falls in the elderly.Drugs aging,29(5), 359-376. Hunter, S. (Ed). (2016). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults (2 nd Australia and New Zealand ed.) North Ryde, NSW: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Karlsson, M. K., Magnusson, H., von Schewelov, T., Rosengren, B. E. (2013). Prevention of falls in the elderlya review.Osteoporosis international,24(3), 747-762. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. Singh, J. A., Saag, K. G., Bridges, S. L., Akl, E. A., Bannuru, R. R., Sullivan, M. C., ... Curtis, J. R. (2016). 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis rheumatology,68(1), 1-26. Ward, K., Reuben, D. (2016). Comprehensive geriatric assessment.UpToDate2013. https://www. uptodate. Com/contents/comprehensive-geriatric-assessment.