Juran’s Triology

Juran's Trilogy Prepared By : Kareem Ahmed Daabees Under supervision of : Dr. Mahmmoud Mohammad EL-Damaty Managing for quality consists of three basic quality-oriented processes: quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement. The role of quality planning is to design a process that will be able to meet established goals under operating conditions. The role of quality control is to operate and when necessary correct the process so that it performs with optimal effectiveness.The role of quality improvement is to devise ways to take the process to unprecedented levels of performance. 1. Quality Planning Quality planning stems from a unity of purpose that spans all functions of an organization. The subject of planning can be anything — an engineering process for designing new products, a production process for making goods, or a service process for responding to customer requests. Quality Planning involves: * Identifying customers, both internal and external * Determi ning their needs Specifying the product features that satisfy those needs at minimum cost. * Designing the processes that can reliably produce those features. * Proving that the process can achieve its goals under operating conditions. 2. Quality Control The process of managing operations to meet quality goals. The process of Quality Control involves: * Choosing control subjects * Choosing units of measurement * Establishing a measurement procedure * Measuring * Interpreting differences between measurement and goal. * Taking action to correct significant differences 3.Quality Improvement Assuming the process is under control, any waste that occurs must be inherent in the design of the process. The object of quality improvement is to reduce chronic waste to a much lower level. The steps in Quality Improvement: * Prove the need for improvement * Identify specific projects for improvement * Organize to guide the projects * Organize for diagnosis — discovery of causes * Diagnose the causes * Provide remedies * Prove that the remedies are effective under operating conditions * Provide for control to maintain the gains.

Capital Budgeting Essay

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze and interpret the answers of the Capital Budgeting Case. I will discuss my recommendation about which Corporation and investor should acquire based on the quantitative reasoning. I also will describe the relationship between the net present value and the internal rate of return for the two corporations that are analyzed. Capital Budgeting Case A company is planning in acquiring a new corporation and there are two options with the same cost of $250,000 but both with different 5-year projections of cash flows. The evaluation done to the two corporations (A and B) is based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The net present value represents the value the project or investment adds to the investor wealth. The NPV method of capital budgeting suggests that all projects that have positive NPV should be accepted because they would add value to the investment. On the other hand, the internal rate of return is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a project’s cash inflows to its outflows. According to the internal rate of return method of capital budgeting, the investment should be accepted if their IRR is greater than the cost of capital. The results for Corporation â€Å"A† shows a NPV of $20,979.20 based on discount rate of 10%. And, we got an IRR of 13.05% which means that is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal or close to $0.00. On the other hand, the Corporation â€Å"B† with a discount rate of 11% got a NPV of $40,251.47 and an IRR of 16.94%. A positive NPV is considered a good project, and we want to choose the one with the highest NPV. Therefore, I would recommend acquiring the Company â€Å"B† because it has a higher NPV than the other company. Corporation B will be giving us a current value cash return of $40,251.47 above our 11% required rate of return during the next 5 years. And, if we recalculate the NPV using the IRR of 16.94% it will result on an NPV close to $0.00. The relationship between NPV and IRR is based on the discount rate used to bring up the cash flows to the present. For the case of Company â€Å"B†, with the discount rate of 11%, if we have a NPV of $0.00, our IRR will also be 11%. But, if our NPV is higher than $0.00, our IRR will be also higher than 11%. And, if we have a negative NPV, then our IRR will be less than 11%. In other words, the NPV and the IRR most of the time yield the same result of acceptance or rejection. Conclusion In conclusion, the best recommendation is to acquire Company B because it will give us higher current values during the first 5 years and higher returns of the investment.

Financial Plan for Small Business Research Paper

Financial Plan for Small Business - Research Paper Example The financial plan in this case is based on NASDAQ listed 1st Century Bancshares, Inc (Ticker: FCTY). The total market capitalization of the company is $66.44 million as on May 9, 2014 (Yahoo Finance, 2014). The balance sheet is the most important financial statement of any business irrespective of its size or market capitalization. It presents the financial position of the business on a given date. It is divided into three sections namely, assets, liabilities and owners’ equity. Assets and liabilities are further classified on basis of period of maturity. Assets include, cash, accounts receivables, inventory, land & buildings, goodwill, etc. Liabilities include account payables, debt capital, creditors, etc. The positive difference between total assets and total liabilities is the shareholders’ equity (Ramachandran and Kakani, 2009, pp.3-9). The historical balance sheet of business reveals that during the period 2011 to 2013, the company had very strong cash and its equivalents. However, the net cash and cash equivalents declined by 5.7 percent annually to $0.155 million in 2013. The total current assets of the company comprised of net receivables, cash and cash equivalents only. The total assets of the business increased by 15.2 percent historically from 2011 to 2013. In comparison, the current liabilities and total liabilities of the business increased by 15.8 percent historically from 2011 to 2013. The company does not intend to issue debt instruments as it has sufficient cash resources available for attaining its financial objectives. Historically, the shareholders’ equity increased by approximately 10.9 percent at compounded annual growth rate. The historical information about the financial position of the business will assist in determining the probable course of action of the business through projected fin ancial forecasts. The pro-forma balance sheet of the business is presented below: By observing the historical information about the

Understanding strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Understanding strategic management - Essay Example h of the global airlines and predicts $560 billion in its revenue with the net profits of about $8.9 billion, the European air sector is expected to have loss of $1.3 billion (IATA, 2010). In particular, the number of the UK airports’ passengers has fallen by 7.3% - the biggest fall in the overall history of records (Milmo, 2010). In spite of the all-European negative trend, the Ryanair’s business has been stable and strong – today the company reports about the growth in profits in â‚ ¬ 318.8 million over 2010 (RAa, 2010). As it is claimed in the Ryanair Annual Report 2010: â€Å"All the key indicators including traffic growth, market share, unit costs, profits, new route and base development, confirm that Ryanair continues to successfully roll out our unique low fares formula across Europe for the benefit of our passengers, our people and our shareholders† (RAa, 2010, p.6). However, one cannot but admit that the competitive environment of the global airline industry is changing dramatically, entailing challenges for even successful businesses. In order to respond appropriately to these emerging challenges, companies should constantly analyse, evaluate and formulate anew their strategies. The history of Ryanair began in 1985, when the company launched the first short daily route from Waterford in the Ireland to London Gatwick, pioneering the low-fares flight’s operating model in Europe. Thanks to a number of reasonable strategic decisions and changes provided by the company’s executives, the Ryanair have managed to strengthen market position enormously. Today Ryanair Limited is the largest and top-ranked low cost (or no-frills) airline company at the European passenger airline market. It serves low-fares, point-to-point routes from the so called â€Å"Ryanair’s bases of operations† consisting of about 40 airports in Ireland, the UK, Continental Europe and Morocco (RAa, p. 53). Table in Appendix A exhibits statistics of the Ryanair operational performance

Questionairre Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Questionairre Design - Coursework Example Minimum sample size for the questionnaire is 1000 customers. Every fifth customer enters in the store will be asked to attempt the survey. Any individual regardless of the color, creed, cast or religion may attempt this questionnaire. However, customers aged 18 years or older, who spend  £500 in a month purchasing in the local stores or buying on the internet, are being asked to participate. We hope to gather the responses of at least 1000 people. XYZ Supermarket appreciates your participation in the questionnaire in which you will be asked questions about your buying habits, preferred ways or medium of shopping and your experience with XYZ supermarket. Due to the fact that, traditionally there is a low turn out on the web, it is decided to make this questionnaire available on the cash and service counters. It is important to understand that your participation is voluntary. The information or data collected through this questionnaire will remain confidential and will be used for the company’s internal use only. You may quit at any time if not comfortable with the questions asked. If the respondent, respondent’s friend or any household member works for the XYZ Supermarket, they should not attempt to answer the questionnaire. The following set of statements is given to assess the personality behavioral patterns. Remember there is no ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ answer. Please check the most appropriate box you see fit for yourself. Below are some statements reflecting people’s attitudes toward the Internet. Please select the answer that best describes you personally. Please answer the questions, even if you don’t use the Internet, according to your perceived

The capital structure decision and the cost of capital Research Paper

The capital structure decision and the cost of capital - Research Paper Example Thus a lesser D/E ratio would be recommended for a typical company. Therefore, D/E ratio = aggregate liabilities/ shareholders’ equity A very high D/E ratio would translate to the fact that the company has been applying debt in its growth to a high extent. The resultant impact is a scenario of very volatile earnings by the company due to the marginal interest expense. If a company applied a lot of debt financing to finance additional business operations, this would result to more generation of revenues and if the revenues outdo the costs, then the shareholders would be left better of since they would earn more dividends. But it is essential to note that this is if, and only if, the earnings surpass the cost of debt. D/E ratios may also vary depending upon the industry the company is operating. For instance, a company that is highly capital intensive would have a higher D/E ratio than those who operate computer software operations. (Gibson, 2008 p260) MATTEL Mattel is a premier company for toys. It designs, manufactures as well as markets toys. The Company’s believes that PLAY is vital for the development of Children besides other benefits. These include the development of imagination and creativity, good healthy interaction and the construction of strong learning foundation among others. Most of Mattel’s business is done online. ... They say their business is global and thus, internationalized and have subsidiaries besides the parent company which is registered in the US. (mattel.com, 2011) Mattel’s gross sales are formed up as follows: 30% in Latin America, 52% in Europe, 11% in Asia Pacific and 7% in others areas. They manufacture toy products themselves as well as outsourcing from other companies. Their main manufacturing facilities are set up in Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Mexico. Their business is also seasonal where they experience peaks during the traditionally set holiday seasons. In fact the biggest sale revenues are experienced in the 3rd and 4th quarters of their fiscal year. The risks facing Mattel are only based on non-satisfaction of clients since its business depends almost entirely on Toy business. Shifts in demand would, therefore, impact adversely on their business. Seasonality as mentioned earlier is also another risk as well as inaccurate anticipation of the trends and cul ture. Though no market beta is given on this website, it is stated in their 2010 financial reports that the business is highly dependent on market behavior, where it faces to a large extent both foreign and local market rates of interest variances that form up market financial risk. (files.shareholder.com, 2011) Mattel Company had a market beta of 1.0 as reported by smartmoney.com website as of 2011. (smartmoney.com, 2011) Due to the high levels of financial risks that Mattel as a company faces and its doing business world wide, usage of debt as a source of capital would have a very huge impact on the capitalization of the company. Therefore, the recommendation is

SUMMARY AND problem solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SUMMARY AND problem solution - Essay Example In the news and through YouTube images, we are witnesses to how texting while driving has become a dangerous habit. We see how it endangers the life of the driver, the passengers, pedestrians, and other drivers as well. Images from YouTube have managed to send the message across to many drivers and texters out there – that even the shortest period of time taken to text can lead to disastrous consequences (Andrzejczyk, p. 1). These images show very bluntly and graphically how violators who are caught in the act have exposed themselves to life-threatening conditions. They have also managed to serve as fitting examples of what can happen to people who text while driving and for people to somehow learn from the experience and to be deterred from adopting or from repeating the practice (Andrzejczyk, p. 2). However, many of these texters still claim that they cannot seem to stop themselves from texting and from texting while driving. This is another danger of texting while driving à ¢â‚¬â€œ that its practice in the hands of an obsessive compulsive personality makes for a dangerous combination on the road (Andrzejczyk, p. 1). A psychological factor which contributes to the problem of texting while driving can be attributed to a person’s need to socially and physically connect and communicate with others. The cell phone fulfills this need, more than any other technology; hence, its great popularity all over the world (Andrzejczyk, p. 4). The need to connect with other people is a need which is easily fulfilled by cell phones anytime anywhere. It is therefore easily understood why most users of the cell phone and of texting are teenagers because their need to communicate with other people is a top priority in their life (Andrzejczyk, p. 4). The psychological need of belongingness and of kinship with peers fuels the problem of texting while driving; and such need is often easily and conveniently filled by

International case 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International case 2 - Essay Example It operates in about seventy countries in the world. They incorporate the use of technology and innovation with the intention of building energy for future sustainability. The company aims at meeting energy demand across the entire world in a responsible manner in terms of economic, environmental, and social aspects. The company is committed to ethics and requirements of corporate social responsibility. In Nigeria, Oliver (2014) narrated that the company was involves in corruption scandal of $ 1.1 billion. Investors and stockholders were furious on the modalities the company had employed in Nigeria concerning how the capital was spent. The deal was perceived to be a shadow one as it was considered not only bad for the people of Nigeria as a developing country but for business as well. Corruption is considered unethical in the climate of corporate social responsibility (John, 2012). The reputation of the company was tainted and this would reflect on its performance. That was an issue that the shareholders would not sit by and watch since a drop in performance was tantamount to have a significant effect on their share value. Earlier this year, Miroslav (2015) illuminated that the government of Slovakia had contemplated enacting a law that was deemed anti-Shell due to the scandal related to the health procurement. The scandal outraged the citizens since the healthcare sector was one o f the most corrupt sectors in Slovakia. If this law is enacted then the value of the shareholders of the company is likely to drop. The other countries where the multinational corporation in discussion have faced similar corruption scandal are in the US, UK, and Ireland. Diseye (2014) explained that the company also was accused of double standards in its commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) especially in countries where there are no strict laws. According to FOE (Friends of the Earth), Shell disregarded the environment, as well as the

Argument paper -- Obamacare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argument paper -- Obamacare - Essay Example However, Obama care is not a good option in our society at this moment due the cost involved, biases and high operating costs (Fact 1). Despite its help towards average earners in the American society, it has created havoc and high operational costs to the rich and big businesses. The Obama care affects the American negatively by increasing taxes, causing unfairness in society, straining the economy and changing the cost of operating businesses. First, for the government to get funds to insure millions of American citizens, obviously the money has to come from taxes. Moreover, this can negatively affect the high-income earners thus causing bias in the society. Because of high taxation rates on the rich people, this can in turn affect their employees as a result of the reduction of working hours. The Obamacare is not a good solution, as it seems to be a punishment towards the rich people and big businesses (Investors Business Daily 1). Moreover, due to high taxation on rich businesses might lower the investors confidence, and this might negatively affect the local economy. Another negative situation on the Obama care is its ultimatums towards all American citizens. This law is forceful in that it requires that by January 2014 everybody was to have registered in this programme and those who fail a fee was to apply. Additionally, this Medicaid can only be achieved through the State and the federal funding. Unfortunately, not all states have the capability of fully funding this plan (Obama care facts 1). Thus, about 5.7 million people from the poor backgrounds will be without an insurance cover exposing their lives to danger. Furthermore, the state and the federal governments also provide fund for the plan making matters even more badly. A classic example is the Children Health Insurance Fund (CHIP). As a result, the operation cost of health insurance gets higher than the growth of the economy. This phenomenon strains the available resources in

International Law. Midterm Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Law. Midterm - Assignment Example International protocol, agreement, pact, exchange of letters, convention or covenant are all synonyms for treaties (Alvarez, 2005). Therefore, all these types of agreements are considered to be treaties under international law. Thus, the rules applied to treaties are the same ones applied to these terminologies. On its basic form, a treaty is the same as a contract: willing parties have voluntarily assumed duties and obligations between or among themselves (Klabbers 87). Consequently, under international law, a party which does not oblige to the agreements is held liable. The subject coverage of treaties in recent times has expanded considerably (Milner 342). This is in line with the need for international promotion and protection of concepts such as education, human rights, environment, the global heritage and wildlife (Moore, Gerald K & Witold Tymowski, 2005). Additionally, treaties have been necessitated by the emergence of global security concerns such as terrorism. The UK Swiss confederation taxation cooperation agreement is a treaty between the United Kingdom and Switzerland. The agreement came into force on January 2013. The agreement clarified the relationship between Switzerland and the EUSA (EU savings agreement).The second treaty is the 1979 Egypt Israeli peace treaty. This agreement implied that the two nations agreed to recognize each other. As such, the treaty required the state of Israel to withdraw or remove its army from Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula. As a result, Egypt would allow Israel ships to pass through the Suez Canal. Lastly , the 2014 convention on the manipulation of sports competitions is among the latest treaties or agreements. The convention advocated by the council of Europe is aimed at fighting instances of match fixing in the world’s sports. Since treaties are non-permanent binding agreements, sovereign nations or international organizations can

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Example for Free

Questions In E-Commerce Essay Question 6 Resources are the financial, physical, human, technological, and organizational assets of a company. A distinctive competency is unique to a company and allows it to earn a profit rate that is above the industry average.   Distinctive competencies are the products and services that directly fulfill the organizations goals, and is what the company does uniquely well.   Therefore, resources used to create distinctive competencies are the fundamental building blocks of the company’s success.   A resource must be in demand, or scarce, or difficult and costly to imitate, or have no substitute to add to a company’s competitive advantage.    In addition, it is only those resources which directly contribute to the core competencies of a company that add to its competitive advantage. Question 7 The internet can both increase the difficulty of imitation for a company, and it can also make it easier for other companies to copy.   Some companies use the internet as a core resource.   An example is EBay, which would not exist if it were not for the internet. However, the fact that EBay functions via the internet remains one of its core resources.   It has proven incredibly difficult for competitors to imitate to provide the level of service and marketplace which EBay enjoys.   Of course, EBay is continuously improving upon this core resource.   On the other hand, the internet creates a basic platform for selling.   One of the impacts of the Internet on companies using barriers of imitation as a competitive advantage is that they must be constantly improving and developing their products and services.   The internet allows consumers to browse many companies offering the same services.   If a company is able to do something better, or offer a superior product, they must be able to show this over the internet.     A small fashion designer selling their products over the internet runs a great risk of being copied quickly.   This may provide greater incentive for the designer to be continuously creating new designs and styles. Question 8 The resource based view and market views of competitive advantage are complementary.   They can both be used by the same company to determine what its key competitive advantages are, and also help a company explore what new competitive advantages they may want to develop.   The resource based view looks at what the company has.   Its physical assets as well as it process assets.  Ã‚   What the company does uniquely well.  Ã‚   The market view of competitive advantage looks at the marketplace first.   It identifies the way the company markets itself or the consumer need it fulfills. When looking at a company from the market view, the question asked is â€Å"How is this company unique in the marketplace.†Ã‚   A company can benefit from taking both a resource-based view and a market view of competitive advantage.   A company can analyze its internal resources and identify the resources that are key to its success and fulfillment of the organizational goals.   When it performs this analysis, it knows which attributes it must keep in order to stay competitive.   It is able to identify its internal core competencies.   On the other hand, the company can analyze the marketplace.   It can identify its role ion the market.   Is it satisfying its customers?   In what ways?   What are the core strengths of the company in the market?    These are the core competencies of the organization on the marketplace.   The company may choose to develop these further, if greater competitive advantage would be gained, or perhaps focus on developing a new market capability if the external environment is shifting.  Ã‚   When the company then takes its external and internal analysis and put them together, a better picture of the company’s true core competencies is displayed.   The company can then see where it may need to make adjustments or where resources or markets should be developed to take advantage of strengths. Question 9 There are basically two ways the Internet can add to a company’s cost advantage.   One, it can reduce the operating costs for a company.   Two, if a company has a cost advantage, they can increase the volume of their sales.   First, selling goods via the internet allows a company to keep a virtual location.   In this scenario, the company may not need to keep its own inventory or staff.   The company could order products from its vendors as ordered by customers and not keep any inventory at all.   There are no physical displays that need maintenance, nor are there any salespeople on the floor who need to be paid.   This is a strategy pursued by Amazon.   They do not have any brick-and-mortar stores to maintain, so they have no displays to maintain, and no salespeople to pay.    The overhead for maintaining the website is less than the overhead for maintaining the shop.   This gives Amazon a competitive cost advantage over Borders.   Also, when consumers are shopping via the Internet they are able to compare prices over multiple suppliers very easily.   Search tools like MySimon and others search the internet for the product the user enters and returns the prices from various online stores.   In this way, the internet can increase the volume of shoppers buying from a particular company.   If the shopper is only concerned with price, they will often choose the company that has the lowest cost.   Therefore, if the company is able to provide the lowest price, they can gain a competitive advantage via the internet by increasing their customer base. Question 10 Effective differentiation is achieved by a company when they really stand out in the consumer’s mind as something different.   They have developed a unique attribute to a point where customers buy from them based on their unique image.   Two ways the internet can help a company achieve effective differentiation is through exploitation of niche markets and providing services and products in a real-time environment.   On the internet, the market for any one website is much larger than what a store can typically reach. In this way, the company has access to many more markets by using the internet than they would otherwise.   This allows for the flourishing of niche market products and services – or highly effective and differentiated services. An example of a niche product on the internet market is a flea collar for dogs that is safe for the whole family! It has a small chamber into which it draws fleas via scent. The fleas cannot escape from this chamber and die.   The price is high, but the market is environmentally sensitive dog owners. Via the internet, sufficient promotion can be done to make production of this item profitable.   It could be much more difficult to market this product via stores.   Another way the internet can be used to differentiate a company in the marketplace is in the speed and responsiveness of the company to the real world.   The best example that comes to mind is the news.   News companies on-line can present stories to consumers much more quickly than in print. Customers are able to choose their source for news based on how real-time the news source is able to present the information.   Businesses must actually focus on differentiating itself from its customers to effectively compete in the internet marketplace.   There are so many providers of the same service or product, that a company must create and emphasize its difference to gain customers.   Some focus on ease of use, some on reliability, some on image, and others on customer service.   There are many ways to create differentiation, but the company must be aware that simply being on the internet does not automatically create a competitive advantage.

Broken family Essay Example for Free

Broken family Essay INTRODUCTION Today we should all have an idea on how important the computer is. Its being use in almost every field and almost every facilities, that not having computer or not knowing how to use it will put a individual in a great disadvantage specially for those people seeking for a job, computer related or not you will definitely need to learn at least the basic on how to operate a computer because all most every field use a computer nowadays . And as for the students the computer would be one of the most convenient source of information to help them out with their research and homework . Also the computer with the help of the internet is able to share or deliver relevant information to people such as the latest news or articles. it can also be use to share your opinion with almost every one, for some people they are using computer as a way to communicate with their love once away from home via e-mail ,Instant messaging and social media , and also the computer is a good source of entertainment .That is why we decided to determine how accessible a computer is in our community , by conducting a survey to determine who owns and doesn’t own a personal computer and how many people uses a computer shop to gain access to a computer. Objectives: To determine the number of households who owns a Desktop Computer To determine the number of households who owns a Laptop Computer To determine the brand they use To determine the reasons they use a computer /laptop To determine the number of households who owns a Computer System/Laptop and still goes to the Internet Cafà © Statement of the Problem How many household of Justinville, Panapaan VII, Bacoor, Cavite owns a Desktop Computer ? How many households of Justinville, Panapaan VII, Bacoor, Cavite owns a Laptop What are the reason they use a Computer/Laptop How many Households who owns a Computer/Laptop still goes to the internet cafà © ? What are the brands of Computer/Laptop they use Significance of the Study The outcome of the research study will be very beneficial for business entrepreneur who have plans to establish a Internet Cafà ©/Cyber cafe on the area, the research will be able to determine the feasibility of the business they will be able to use the date as a good reference before establishing there business on the area. The residents of Justinville, Panapaan VII, Bacoor, Cavite will also benefit from the research being able to determine the number of computer and access of the community we can present the problem to the local government for a solution that could increase the numbers of way the residence can access a computer . Scope and Limitation The study is to determine who among the household of Justinville, Panapaan VII, Bacoor, Cavite owns a Laptop or Desktop Computer, we are also to determine the reason why they use the computer and if they visit the local internet cafà © to use a computer . Definition of Terms Computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. Laptop computer is a personal computer for mobile use. A laptop has most of the same components as a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device such as a touchpad (also known as a trackpad) and/or a pointing stick, and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing Internet cafà © or cybercafe is a place which provides internet access to  the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the cafe in the name. The fee for using a computer is usually charged as a time-based rate. Scanner—is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in offices are variations of the desktop scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning

Factors That Shape a Child’s Personality

Factors That Shape a Child’s Personality There is a growing interest in factors that influences and shapes a child’s personality, genetics and environmental factors are the two most prominent factors that are rising in debates. Personality theorist such as Sigmund Freud supports genetic factors and that it plays a huge role in shaping a child’s personality while Alfred Adler supports environmental factors that dominate in shaping the personality of a child. However, there are other studies and research that indicates genetic and environmental factors are both essential in building the personality of the child. The personality of the parents and the child reciprocates with each other to build a more positive parent-child relations depending on the situations and environments. Personality is the fundamental expression of feelings and emotions through bodily organizations, intelligences as well as special capacity as defined by Rue (2008). This is supported by Allport (1961), where he stated that personality is an individual’s characteristic patterns whereby it is stable throughout an individual’s development. Over the past few decades, increased studies have shown that genetics and environmental factors have an impact on a child’s behaviour (Rutter, 2006). One of such theories was provided by Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual development, where he supported the factors of nature in shaping a child’s personality during their early years. Human sexual life does not start at puberty but it begins soon after birth, with clear manifestations (Kline, 2014). Yet, there are opposing personality theorists who believed that the personality of an individual is shaped through interactions with the environment and the people around them. E xamples are Costa and McCrae’s five factor model where personality of individuals are categorised as openness to experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness as well as neuroticism and Alfred Adler’s theory on birth orders, where birth orders of an individual in the family will affect their personality. Child temperament is one of the most prominent genetic factor that shapes a child’s personality. It can be defined as the fundamental basis for affective arousal, expression and regulation components of personality (Goldsmith et al, 1987). Temperamental traits begins in early childhood and will be stabilized across time and it is the basic elements for later personality development (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Children with difficult temperament will have a higher tendency to withdraw in connecting with new environments and people and they are more pessimistic and have negative emotionality (Laukkanen et al, 2014). For example, shyness is regarded as the temperamental tendency to experience fear and anxiety and they tend to exhibit more negative emotions and are inclined to the developing of internal problems (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Therefore, when they are interacting with the societies and they are more likely to stimulate protective and over controlling responses from their parents or caregivers (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). One of such personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, believed that the fundamental personality was formed by events and things that happened in the first 6 years of life of an individual (Carroll, 2010). Carroll (2010) also stated that Freud classified a different erogenous zone where libidinal energy was directed and if that stage failed to complete, the libidinal energy will remained in that particular zone, leading to the child experiencing a fixation. Erogenous zones refers to areas of the body where they are highly sensitive to touch and are related to sexual pleasures. Freud’s psychosexual development consisted of oral, anal, phallic and genital stages as analysed by Carroll (2010). Oral stage is known as the first stage of psychosexual development and it lasts for the first eighteen months of a human life, described by Carroll (2010). According to him, it is a stage where the mouth, lips and tongue are the primary erogenous zone. Garcia (1995) explained that during this stage, mothers are the ones who have the most direct communication with the child and the mothers should attend to the child without implementing anxiety in the child. In accordance to Freud’s theory, complications and dispute in this stage could result in oral fixation and his could lead to behaviours such overeating, smoking and alcohol abuse (Carroll, 2010). The subsequence stage will be the anal stage where the anal area is the elementary erogenous zone and it is the period where children begins with their toilet training where the child begins to adopt the practical life lesson of how and when to let go and hold on to certain things and events (Carroll, 2010 Garcia, 1995). Carroll ( 2010) stated that failure in this stage could result in traits such as stubbornness, cleanliness and orderliness. The following stage, namely the phallic stage according to Freud, is the most critical period where it occurs between three to six years old. Carroll (2010) explained that Freud believed that during this stage, boys will undergo the Oedipus complex, while girls will undergo Electra complex and develop penis envy. He also described that oedipus complex is where a male child has sexual attraction for his mother and electra complex is where female child has incestuous desire for her father. However, before this stage ends, the male and female child will distinguish with parents of the same sex and embraces its masculine and feminine characteristics (Carroll, 2010). Superego from Freud’s psychoanalysis theory where he emphasise on unconscious mind in humans, will also being to establish around the same time and most children will take up the values of their parents (C arroll,2010). He also suggested that before entering puberty, the child will go through latency stage where libido in inverted and contained (Garcia, 1995). Carroll (2010) indicated that during this stage, sexual interest are supressed and children during this stage will play with others of the same sex. Garcia (1995) suggested that educations from caregiver and role model can help the children to learn more about the importance and the responsibilities of self-govern, self-expressions and its consequences. During puberty, the child will enter the last stage of psychosexual development, the genital stage whereby the child will develop the ability to adopt adult sexual behaviours and in this stage, libido is to be directed to an object that is significantly different from those childhood sexuality (Carroll, 2010). Genetics differences in individual’s personality are only predispositions to behaves in certain ways, conversely to the environmental factors that may suggest that different children with the similar predisposition in a different directions (Keogh, 2003). One dominant environmental factor is the parenting style and it has been seen as a fairly stable contributions to childrearing practices. Parenting style is characterized as parent’s behaviours and their interactions with their child over different situations, creating the interactional climate for parent-child relations (Laukkanen et al, 2014). Crockenberg et al (2008) indicated that maternal behaviour play a key role in developing children’s attention behaviour, personality and externalising trajectories. Fromm (2013) supported this by explaining that one of the essential factors in shaping a child’s personality is the relatedness to the child’s mother and how the mother behaves will influence th e child’s behaviour and personality. He also stated that Freud had dreams about his mother and it implies that as a child, he wanted to be fed by his mother, this symbolises as being cared for, loved and protected by his mother. If a child is being neglected and not fed by its caregiver, the child will grow impatient and angry as he or she feels that they have the right to immediate and complete attention (Fromm, 2013). Belsky and Barends (2002) claimed that the Five Factor Model (FFM), namely openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, by Costa and McCrae is the basic framework with regards to parents’ personality and the quality of parent-child relation. For example, neuroticism refers to individuals who have a high tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, hostility and more important emotionally instability (Vondra Belsky, 1993). Parents who score higher in neuroticism are more anxious and are more likely to embrace an overprotective style of parenting because of their tendencies to identify threats to their child in the environment (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). They also indicated that parents who score higher in neuroticism are unlikely to be responsive and displaying warm in parenting. On the other hand, agreeableness in individuals are reflected through their interpersonal skills, they can range from compassionate, trustwo rthy and being helpful to highly irritable and manipulation on others (Coplan, Reichel Rowan, 2009). Coplan, Reichel and Rowan (2009) also explained that mothers who are high in agreeableness exhibit more parental warmth and are highly responsive. Due to the tendencies to give in, agreeable parents will more likely to give in to their child, leading to a more harmonious parent-child relationships (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Extraversion is correlated with a higher level of positive effects and parents that score higher in extraversion are more likely to have a positive relationship with their child (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Belsky and Berends (2002) support this by stating that parents who are high in extraversion are more sensitive and responsive to their child. Parents who are high in conscientiousness are said to have a higher level of control over their own lives and therefore they are less regulated by the family rules, there are also evidences that suggest that parent s with high level of conscientiousness are correlated with higher quality of parent-child relation (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Lastly, they also indicated that parents who are high in openness to experience are found to have a positive relationship with their child as they are less restrictive towards their child due to them having a broader and more permeable conscientiousness. Personalities of parents have significant correlations with the personality of the child as supported by Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange and Martel (2004), they stated that parents who are more agreeable have infants who are more able to focus their attention and more fearful while parents who are more empathic have infants who are better focused and less prone to anger and parents who are more open have infants that are more joyful. Laukkanen et al (2014) also indicated that parents who show high level of psychological control towards their child, will lead to the child developing a more maladaptive outcom es such as having lower self-esteem and lower academic performances. Another environmental factor is the birth order of the child and personality among siblings that was highly emphasized by Alfred Adler. Leman (2009) also pointed out that parental values are powerful factors that can affect every child in the family, especially the firstborns. Sulloway (2011) support birth order by conducting a study where adults were asked to compare their personality traits with their siblings. He found out that firstborns tend to be more achieving and conscientious while the laterborns tend to be more rebellious an open. Leman (2009) emphasized that firstborns are more reliable and they tend to differentiate right and wrong and believe that there is a right way to accomplish things. He also stated that firstborns are natural leaders and often tend to be achievement oriented. Whereby the middle child will more likely to be contradictory of the child before them in the family and they are often loyal and competitive (Leman, 2009). Leman (2009) also suggested that be ing the middle child, they are not expected to accomplish as much as those who are born before them and they are often the negotiator of the family who tries to keep the peace. As for the lastborns, Leman (2009) describe them as sociable, outgoing, spontaneous and humorous and they are often the most pampered ones in the family. However, being the youngest would mean that they are most likely to be picked on by other members in the family (Leman, 2009). He also stated that the entire family and its environment will change when a child is born and how the parents behaves and act towards the child will determine a great part in the child’s destiny. Leman (2009) stressed that a child’s personality depends largely on the personality and the parenting style of the parents. If parents are to controlling and applied too much stress or too unreasonable towards the firstborns, they can turn the child to a rebel who will messes up just to agitate the parents instead of excelling in their academic (Leman, 2009). To conclude, nature and nurture come together in many ways in shaping a child’s personalities (Bates Pettit, 2007). Those children whose personalities and temperaments are in conflicts with cultural norms and parental expectations have a higher tendency to evoke negative reactions from others and in turn, parents will become more controlling and adopting a more authoritarian parenting style (Maccoby, 2007). In some cases, the personalities of children and parents may have a lot of resemblance as they will mimic each other and share a portion of the same genes that will affect their temperament (Denissen, Aken Dubas, 2009). Therefore, shaping the personality of the child is mostly depending on the reciprocal relations and interactions between the parents and the child. For example, happy and easy infants will have a positive and responsive relationship with their parents and also, affecting ambience in mothers will likewise have positive and consistent relationship with fearf ul infants as mothers tend to be more protective towards fearful infants (Kochanska, Friesenborg, Lange Martel, 2004). References Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S. (2007). Temperament, Parenting, and Socialization. In J. Gausec P. Hastings. In Handbook of Socialization (pp. 153-177). New York: Guilford. Belsky, J., Barends, N. (2002). Personality and parenting (2nd ed., Vol. 3). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum: M. H. Bornstein. Carroll, J. (2010). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. Coplan, R. J., Reichel, M., Rowan, K. (2009). Exploring the associations between maternal personality, child temperament, and parenting: A focus on emotions. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 241–246. Crockenberg, S. C., Leerkes, E. M., Barrig Jo, P. S. (2008). Predicting aggressive behavior in the third year from infant reactivity and regulation as moderated by maternal behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 20, 37-54. Denissen, J. J., Aken, M. A., Dubas, J. S. (2009). It Takes Two to Tango: How Parents’ and Adolescents’ Personalities Link to the Quality of Their Mutual Relationship. Developmental Psychology, 45(4), 928–941. Fromm, E. (2013). Sigmund Freuds Mission: An Analysis of his Personality and Influence. Open Road Media. Garcia, J. L. (1995). Freuds Psychosexual Stage Conception: A Developmental Metaphor for Counselors. Journal of Counseling Development, 73, 498-502. Goldsmith, H. H., Buss, A. H., Plomin, R., Rothbart, M. K., Thomas, A., Chess, S., al, e. (1987). Roundtable: What is temperament? Four approaches. Child Development, 58, 505–529. Grazyna, K., Amanda, E. F., Lindsey, A. L., Michelle, M. M. (n.d.). Keogh, B. (2003). Temperament In The Classroom: Understanding Individual Differences. United States, Baltimore: Bethesda. Kline, P. (2014). Fact and Fantasy in Freudian Theory. New York: Routledge. Kochanska, G., Friesenborg, A. E., Lange, L. A., Martel, M. M. (2004). Personality Processes and Individual Differences: Parents’ Personality and Infants’ Temperament as Contributors to Their Emerging Relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 744–759. Laukkanen, J., Ojansuu, U., Tolvanen, A., Alatupa, S., Aunola, K. (2014). Child’s Difficult Temperament and Mothers’ Parenting Styles. J Child Family Study, 23, 312–323. Leman, K. (2009). The birth order book: Why you are the way you are. Grand Rapids: MI: Revell. Maccoby, E. E. (2007). Historical Overview of Socialization Research and Theory. In J. E. Grusec, P. D. Hastings, Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 13-41). New York: Guilford Publications. Rue, D. W. (2008, January 30). What is Prsonality? The Educational Forum, 1(1), 54-59. Rutter, M. (2006). Genes and behavior: Nature-nurture interplay explained. Oxford: UK: Blackwell. Sulloway, F. J. (2011). Why siblings are like Darwin’s finches: Birth order, sibling competition, and adaptive divergence within the family. In D. M. Buss, P. H. Hawley, The evolution of personality and individual differences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Vondra, J., Belsky, J. (1993). Developmental origins of parenting: Personality and relationship factors. In T. Luster, L. Okagaki, Parenting: An ecological perspective (pp. 1–33). Hillsdale: NJ: Erlbaum.

The Conspiracy of Water Fluoridation Essay -- Conspiracy Theory, Fluori

Few object to the therapeutic use of fluoride to stop tooth decay, but fluoridation, the addition of fluoride to the public water supply, can spark avid controversy. Most dentists, medical groups, and government officials argue that fluoridation is a cheap and risk-free venture that doubles cavity prevention. In contrast, a small minority of dentists and conservative political groups argue that fluoride is a hazardous, poisonous substance that should not be consumed. Some antifluoridationists even claim that fluoridation is an untrustworthy form of socialized medicine. But rather than just attacking fluoridation as socialized medicine, opponents originally claimed that it was a conspiracy to poison or brainwash Americans through the water supply. This theory arose in the 1940s when the scientific community refused to endorse or reject fluoridation, thus allowing the debate to expand into the social sphere. While fluoridation opposition may be subconsciously inspired by naturali sm, the social development of fluoridation into a Communist or fascist conspiracy resulted from a conscious effort by conservatives to suppress a growing government. The fluoridation debate results from a visible conflict of paradigms; profluoridationists seek to protect the communal good, while antifluoridationists defend individual rights. According to William Gamson, â€Å"Antifluoridation literature is frequently concerned with†¦ intrusion of government into private realms and with violation of individual liberty and choice† (Gamson, 527). Such concerns are often embodied in the characterizations of fluoridation as mass medication and socialized medicine. One expression identifies water treatment as a violation of free choice while the other po... ...3 May 2003. Schrecker, Ellen. The Age of McCarthyism. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2002. The Blue Book of the John Birch Society. Belmont, Massachusetts: Robert Welch, 1961. United States. House of Representatives. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commence: Hearings on Fluoridation of Water. Washington, GPO, 1954. United States. House of Representatives. House Special Committee on Un-American Activities. Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the U.S. Volume 9. Washington, GPO, 1972. United States. Supplement to Cumulative Index to Publications of the Committee on Un-American Activities, 1955 through 1968. Washington: GOP,1970. Waldbott, George L. Fluoridation: the Great Dilema. Larwerence, Kansas: Coronado Press, 1978.

Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost Essay -- Biography B

Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost During the height of Robert Frost’s popularity, he was a well-loved poet who’s natural- and simple-seeming verse drew people - academics, artists, ordinary people both male and female - together into lecture halls and at poetry readings across the country.1 An eloquent, witty, and, above all else, honest public speaker, Frost’s readings imbued his poetry with a charismatic resonance beyond that of the words on paper, and it is of little surprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and aloneness in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more often, the inte raction between the two is destructive and disastrous. An analysis of a sample of his works - in this case his second book, North of Boston, as well as a few of his later poems - reveals these recurring themes, and the different interpretations Frost brings to them. It is this variety of interpretations that is fascinating: though his firmly held â€Å". . . belief that everybody was a separate individuality and that collective enterprises could do nothing but weaken the self†2 clearly led to this feeling of loneliness or separation that permeates his works, he does so without falling into a sense of needless pessimism, taking great care to bring out the themes’ multiple aspects under varied contexts. These contexts are: poe... ...l fireplace - are a little harder to place, though. 7 Another poem, this one outside of North of Boston, that deals with this identical theme is The Tuft of Flowers - except that one emphasis the separationn between the workers, and leaves it ambiguous wether this separation is a good or bad thing. 8 Although there are a few indications of regret/displeasure: his walk is a repentance, his walking is a profanation. And are ‘the cottages in a row’ indeed a sufficient substitution for a companion (‘No one at all with whom to talk...’)? 9 Frost, and specifically North of Boston, lends itself especially well to feminist criticism. With poems such as The Death of the Hired Man, Home Burial, A Servant to Servants, The Generations of Men, The Housekeeper, and The Fear, each of them dialogue pieces, there is an abundance of male/female interaction to be analyzed. Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost Essay -- Biography B Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost During the height of Robert Frost’s popularity, he was a well-loved poet who’s natural- and simple-seeming verse drew people - academics, artists, ordinary people both male and female - together into lecture halls and at poetry readings across the country.1 An eloquent, witty, and, above all else, honest public speaker, Frost’s readings imbued his poetry with a charismatic resonance beyond that of the words on paper, and it is of little surprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and aloneness in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more often, the inte raction between the two is destructive and disastrous. An analysis of a sample of his works - in this case his second book, North of Boston, as well as a few of his later poems - reveals these recurring themes, and the different interpretations Frost brings to them. It is this variety of interpretations that is fascinating: though his firmly held â€Å". . . belief that everybody was a separate individuality and that collective enterprises could do nothing but weaken the self†2 clearly led to this feeling of loneliness or separation that permeates his works, he does so without falling into a sense of needless pessimism, taking great care to bring out the themes’ multiple aspects under varied contexts. These contexts are: poe... ...l fireplace - are a little harder to place, though. 7 Another poem, this one outside of North of Boston, that deals with this identical theme is The Tuft of Flowers - except that one emphasis the separationn between the workers, and leaves it ambiguous wether this separation is a good or bad thing. 8 Although there are a few indications of regret/displeasure: his walk is a repentance, his walking is a profanation. And are ‘the cottages in a row’ indeed a sufficient substitution for a companion (‘No one at all with whom to talk...’)? 9 Frost, and specifically North of Boston, lends itself especially well to feminist criticism. With poems such as The Death of the Hired Man, Home Burial, A Servant to Servants, The Generations of Men, The Housekeeper, and The Fear, each of them dialogue pieces, there is an abundance of male/female interaction to be analyzed.

Miwok Social Life :: essays research papers

History Final Miwoks set many standards for themselves and the tribe. They were usually very hard workers, working harsh numbers of hours a day to keep the tribe alive. There were hunters, fishers, and many other jobs for people. A non-nomadic people, the Miwoks settled in the Yosemite Valley. My report is on the Miwok Social Life. Games, customs, jobs, and many other things about the Miwok Indians will all be covered in this. The way they lived, what they ate, and what they farmed. They all had a job, some of the women wove baskets, and some of them cooked. The men hunted, fished, made canoes, and fought. The first step of stepping into the life of a Miwok is to understand their dress. They were generally very lenient on clothing, some children going completely naked. Many wore flaps and when the men hunted, they camouflaged themselves in deerskins and grasses. Now you must know how they lived. What they lived in, how they built their homes, and such. U-ma-cha is the named of the home they lived in. Much like a "tee-pee", These homes were made of the thick bark of the Sequoia Redwoods. Mud and dirt was piled on the bottom of these homes, to keep water and rodents out, and heat in. They were at times coated with a layer of pine needles. About 8-15 feet in diameter, these homes were small. They did not bathe, but instead sat in sweat houses until they sweat the smell off and then ran out and jumped in a cold stream (Chilly Willy). Most slept on Deerskins, but a few slept on willow frames lifting them only inches from the ground, while the chief slept on a bearskin. The fire, at the center of each U-ma-cha, was used for cooking and heat. It was vital to have this fire burning constantly. There was also a ceremonial sweat house used for special ceremonies. This had a roof of 5 inches thick and was in the center of the village. The foods the Miwoks ate are also another step. With plentiful amounts of food in the Yosemite Valley, the Miwok stayed where they were. With out the need to move about in a nomadic fashion, their villages grew. This meant for a large need of food. Their main food was acorns. The women prepared this by cracking and shelling the acorns, then drying them.

Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong

Title: Analyse the problems caused by the implementation of anti-smoking legislation in Hong Kong. Identify some solutions to these problems. Paragraph 1 In recent years many countries have enacted anti-smoking legislation. For example, on 1 January 2007 Hong Kong extended no smoking areas to cover the inside of restaurants, as well as offices and some public outdoor areas (Tobacco control, 2007).While these laws have been largely welcomed by both health advocates and the general population, they have had some unintended consequences including an increase in cigarette litter and congestion in areas where smokers congregate, and a decrease in working efficiency in workplaces with significant numbers of smokers. This essay will examine these effects in more detail before considering some possible solutions. Paragraph 2 One of the outcomes of preventing office and shop workers from smoking in offices and shopping centres is that smokers are more likely to gather on pavements in the area near the entrance to the office building or mall.The assembly of these smokers has produced an increase in litter, with waste such as cigarette butts and packaging often discarded on the street. Novotny and Zhao (1999) argue that this litter is plainly observable, may remain in the environment for a long time and might be hazardous to young children and animals if ingested. Given the densely packed office environment in the central business district of Hong Kong, it is apparent that the litter problem from smokers who smoke outside can be quite serious. Paragraph 3As well as the littering problem, groups smoking on pavements can pose a physical danger to young children. Nakahara (2005) mentions that children are often at a height where they can be easily struck by smokers holding lit cigarettes. As the head of the child is often only at leg level to the adult smoker, the burning cigarette could easily harm the eye or other facial features of the child. It is suggested by Nakahara ( ibid) that street smoking has become more widespread after stricter smoking legislation began to be enforced.In the crowded urban parts of Hong Kong, such as in Mongkok and Causeway Bay, even if there are only a small proportion of pedestrians smoking, this would still generate a hazard to young children. Paragraph 4 Besides the outdoor effects of smoking legislation, those companies operating in Hong Kong who employ smokers have also probably suffered. Considering the USA,  Halpern, Shikiar, Rentz and Khan  (2001) find that smokers have appreciably more absences from work than those who have never smoked.The reason for this is believed to be due to increased rates of sickness among smokers. It could also be speculated that as smokers are more likely to take extended breaks than non-smokers, this would precipitate further reductions in working efficiency in offices with many smokers. As business is very important in the Hong Kong economy, maintaining a high working efficiency is vital to Hong Kong competitiveness. Paragraph 5 Regarding the first problem of increased littering, there are four possible methods to counter this issue.According to Bitgood, Carnes and Thompson (1988), these are environmental education, prompting, environmental design and punishment. Environmental education would include TV campaigns against littering, while prompting would mean signage outside offices reminding smokers not to litter. Environmental design would mean improved design of cigarette bins, and punishment means fines. A combination of these methods, together with increased frequency of visits by cleaners, would plausibly be the most effective solution to littering, and this already happens in Hong Kong (Clean Hong Kong, 2012).Paragraph 6 The physical risk caused by smokers in public areas to young children can perhaps be solved by the establishment of smoking zones. While in Hong Kong, universities are supposedly smoke free, in the United States there are moves by some universities to have areas where smoking is allowed (Ryman, 2010). Although the presence of these smoking zones is common in airports, the proposal by universities in America would be for outdoor zones so this could lead to opposition by some non smokers.As  Kennedy et al. (2012) observe, in countries where restrictions have been placed on indoor smoking, thereby prompting greater outdoor smoking, a majority of interviewees now support outdoor smoking limits in certain settings. Paragraph 7 Finally, the issue of working efficiency has also begun to be addressed in the United States, with certain employers, for the most part health care facilities, now actively not employing those applicants who state that they smoke on the application form.Koch (2012) points out that while a tobacco-free recruiting procedure is intended to endorse health and decrease insurance costs, these polices of discrimination against smokers might have unintended repercussions with smokers feeling punished r ather than encouraged to quit smoking. As a result, some States in America have started passing laws forbidding the discrimination in the workplace of smokers (Summary of District of Columbia Laws, 2010), although in Hong Kong this is not currently proscribed under the labour ordinance (Labour Department, 2012).Paragraph 8 This essay has examined the problems created by the ban on smoking in offices and many indoor public venues in recent years. These problems include a deteriorating litter problem, a danger to young children from lit cigarettes and decreased working efficiency among smokers. Solutions that were considered include intensifying and varying litter prevention schemes, establishing smoke free zones and implementing legislation to prevent smokers from being employed. Paragraph 9It is the belief of this writer that while the anti-smoking legislation was welcome, there was not enough thought regarding the consequences of this legalisation before it was implemented. While r emedial measures can be introduced to partially solve some of these problems, the only certain way to eliminate these problems is to further reduce the number of smokers. For this to happen, it is likely that further legalisation which further restricts the advertising, sale, and consumption of tobacco is needed by the Hong Kong Government.

Computerized Teachers Evaluation System

With the long history of Chinese civilization and education, formal t sever all(prenominal)yer set is quite new because for centurys instructors authority and power over their students cannot be challenged. Historically, learning was the major concern of education, still during the past decades, teach quality has acquire an added concern of education. There be tercet reasons for evaluating teachers to diagnose and help teacher mitigate teaching method, to help students get better teaching quality and to provide a criteria for distrust on teaching itself.Efforts have been do by government and educators to improve teaching quality in theory and practice. Verities of agree have introduced foreign military rating theories and some(prenominal) articles have contributed to the theoretical and practical forward motion of Chinese teacher evaluation transcription. However, on that point is no systematic record of the knowledge of teacher evaluation process. Therefore, explor ation into the discipline of teacher evaluation, its reform and problem convey necessary and significant.In special K, teachers are evaluated by students and administrators synthetically. The students evaluations are used as adjudge-up to help teachers improve their classroom genteelness and activities, inservice students complete these evaluations at the end of their program, while pre-service students complete these evaluations each semester. With both single-choice and open-end questions, these evaluations are similar to all colleges.These evaluations by students are analyzed, and teachers are presumption a copy of the analysis, if several students make similar complaints about a teacher or about the way of signifier in taught, the teacher in question gets immediate feedback from his or her supervisor. The administrative evaluations are completed by the supervisor who is the development manager. These evaluations are done every semester. line of the ProblemThis subject field of the proposed Computerized Teachers Evaluation frame (CTES) covers method, procedures and problems which correlate to the teachers evaluation. The chief(prenominal) problem of this study is how to design, develop and enforce a Computerized Teachers Evaluation System. The current system is not efficient to ensure its validness because these CTES are done manually.Specifically this study aims to answer the following common problems encountered during and later the evaluation1. Is there a submit for computerized teachers evaluation system? 2. What are the common problems encountered during and after the evaluation? 3. What are the users outlook regarding computerized teachers evaluation? 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computerized teachers evaluation system?

Cellphone Addiction

Cell Phones In many ways, red cell phones are addictive. The gadgets are an definite integral part of many people’s days. Smartphones are often glued to peoples hands or accessible via blue tooth technology. Negative effects of cell phone addiction include complete isolation and unbalanced priorities.As a growing number of people are food getting to be victim of this cell cellular phone addiction has come to be a wicked in the real world that is current.Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the after dinner table and look at apps rather than much talking to family members over meals. Is apply your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; check your obsession is a cell phone addiction.Look at your mobile phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction.Phone addiction is extremely due much like alcohol dependenc e.

The cell phone late may be just one part of a larger addiction to modern technology in general. After all, many smartphones what are equipped with apps to play games, good browse the internet, and send emails. Online social new media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, keyword with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.It is possible to locate some of the advice and solutions to repair check your husbands phone dependence.The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your static mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages.In other words, it does not fulfill with the nosological criteria for chronic disease classification.

Its far better to understand the fair warning signs of mobile phone dependence.Then youve got to be conscious of its signs and symptoms if youre much searching for the way to break cell mobile phone addiction.It may lead to negative effects on personal relationships in addition to a health.Addiction is understood to be a more compulsive demand for and or usage.

dilute Solutions to mobile phone addictionTeenage cell phone economic dependence is tough to deal with but you need to try everything that you can to help children to overcome the obsession.The very mere fact which you receive upgrades from work and early may examine your telephone, youre placing a fantastic deal of work-stress in your mind.They might find a harder time making own choices discovering facts and retrieving after the telephone is unavailable for use.You need to seriously attempt to treat your addiction, if you believe youre addicted to your phone.

Leadership Failure at Tyco Essay

William B. Lytton remembers the strain of operative in the duster suspension home in 1987, amidst the origin and the somebodyalities that surrounded professorship Ronald Reagan. Lytton had interpreted circulate from his Philadelphia jurisprudence flying for sise months to incite as de upchucky exceptional(a) modal regard aslor for Reagan during the Iran-Contra spendigation. I would ment whole(prenominal)y abatement and gestate of how favorable I was to be there, Lytton recalled. besides as if to shargon that emotion, he would rally the lessons of conjuring trick dean, the new fresh destine up attorney who raise himself caught up in the Watergate s dis induedalization afterward allowing himself to choke dazzled, as Lytton put it, by the blinding weightlessness of personnel. speech qualification to some(pre nary(prenominal)inal) light speed Vermont sort out civilise students, Lytton recommended they readBlind Ambition, doyens history near the Watergate twelvemonths. The book, he tell, would dress as a fomite for green attorneys to oral sex themselves on how they major power purport in much(prenominal) a situation. Lyttons Oct. 6 lecture, empower mediocre suppose No, placed turn out the honorable challenges face by equityyers in a enculturation where it is ofttimes hard-fought to verbalize up to power, whether it be in a politically focusingd atmosphere much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the blank domicile or in a incarnate g firinginess such as Tyco international.Lytton stepped in as familiar counsel at Tyco in 2002 as the union was engaged in a multi- meg accounting lampoon s potbellydal. Lyttons reference was to scatter the licit issues and exculpated up the burnish, no menial travail in a $38 trillion comp either that utilise 260,000 concourse spherewide. His supporter was among those nether indictment. In the Tyco un triumphful person, Lytton s aid, They failed as leave aloneing. They forgot that attr characterizationers was rough dowery opposites and non themselves. besides it was besides a misadventure of those who hook up with the loss attracters, the corporeal lawyers who failed in their concern to bound the attractors in check. standardized john Dean during Watergate, Tyco lawyers wanted to enthral their bosses. When the reach of the in corporeal subversive activity became clear, Lytton said, the rest questions were, Where were the lawyers? Where was the jolty highlight of interrogatory? withal sequence the unexclusive clamors for iniquitous p rosiness burn upions in such showcases, Lytton maintains that it is non iniquitous intent, simply quite a the subtlety of the unified world and the force to concord your numbers that precise much drives corporations into such s female genitalsdals. close to of the battalion who became infamous for their misdeeds&helipwere non unfa irness people, said Lytton, who to a fault serves as a VLS Trustee. As he sees it, they confounded fix of the hea whereforeish boundaries, blind by their learn biography increase aims. That, he said, is where the eccentric of the corporeal lawyer extends critical. As a lawyer, you hasten a great and a diametrical accountability than ein truthone else, he said. objet dart it mogul go up unvoiced to check into faulty things from happening, sometimes, he said, you do wishing to on the unlesston grade no. A attraction plays actually key economic consumption in the victory of the presidency. equitable draw has batch and he arse admit back the brass instrument forward, a not so rock-steady draw finds himself in egressive to wreak the employees and misss peck and he whitethorn crap the mischance of the validation. A hefty attraction has exceptional whole tone to inc pass his pursual . A draw has surpassing effect on postdateing and chase become pull to the attracter. So, if attractor is winning his following towards the systemal death, it is tyrannical for the compel-up. A honorable drawing card has power to impel the pursual to brook separately and and so collectively to the formation. loss drawing card protagonists the followers (employees) to reach out the purposes and objectives striation for the institution. A neighborhoodicipative leader includes the employees in decisiveness devising sour. He encourages the employees to sh are their ideas and views which is considered in decisiveness reservation process. It makes the finis make similar a group break and employees step themselves a recrudesce of the purpose fashioning team. So, break-danceicipative dash of lead affects the employees to append to a greater extent and increases the be colossalingness. The leader has stack to picture the emerging of the disposal. He motivates the employees accordingly.He has deviate among employees and he leads from front. By sharing that ken with otherwise(prenominal) followers, and allowing them to pee right forth in achieving that vision, all individualists lead make headway from the sure-fire ensues (Bateman, & Snell, 2007). whatsoever judicatures tenacious boundary intent is to a greater extent than just making profit. agreement postulate to escape its resources including tender resource, efficiently to carry finished the mark farseeing boundinal figure goal. attractor plays very(prenominal) polar run for in achieving the goal. He eject lead the constitution to supremacy or bereavement.all(a) leading styles castigate to strike alike(p) goal, i. e. o help the employees to specialize in more one by one as hygienic as collectively, and sprout the cheek forward. compositional civilisation plays major mapping in the supremacy of an governance. A prospered leader helps in creating sober orga nisational getupchen-gardening which allows individual as substantially as organization to acquire and live on the maturation. The nonstarter of the leader is reflected in the timid organisational acculturation which whitethorn result in the misfortune of the organization. early(a) authoritative chemical element which decides the victory or mischance of an organization is charge and organizational coordinate. vigilance is trusty for pine end point formulation and background signal up the goal of the organization. They father the govern of the organization. natural repairing concern executes cookery function of tutelage as per POLC model. other(a) activities of the organization are say to procure the goal set in cooking phase. If moderate attention fails in tantrum right retentive depot goal of the organization, all other activities go out as well be tell in scepters direction and hence, organization whitethorn not asseverate for farsee ing. placements coordinate and hierarchy delegates power( allowance) and responsibilities.It dictates who testament do what and who has got what take aim of authority. governments social system tells who is in charge of f and so oning what close and who is accountable for a precise act and decision. A thriving organization should defy understandably define foreign mission of authority so that if something goes price, focusing rouse embrace the liable person and have it away the land wherefore it went wrong. Sometimes organization by design acquire the organization organise in such a way that some(prenominal) prankishness can not be unyielding easily.In concise full endpointinus organization whitethorn be benefited from such organizational structure, except in enormous term kit may be shameful for the organizations very existence. TYCO purposeetary Tyco International is a change globular manufacturing and serving supplier smart set, having e ndanger in electronics and telecommunication, security, healthcare, menses comptroller etc. Tyco Tyco has been dupe of more shites. It has been acquiring so many another(prenominal) artes and in year 2002 it post colossal loss.In an movement to cut losses, Tyco divested Tyco not bad(p) note through IPO. Tyco healthcare portion in like manner divested its running(a) Dynamics. As a result, in 2002, upset rose to $35 billion but high society incurred a loss of $9 meg, including plus mischief take down of $3 billion. In appendage to the financial woes, Tyco approach another big scandal in 2002- Its agent death chair and chief operating come toicer, L. Dennis Kozlowski was aerated for excesses. In 2002, Edward D. Breen was appointed chief operating officer of Tyco for collar years.In 2004 annual Report, then chief operating officer Edward D.Breen said- Our success was base on a uncomplicated dodge to make practicable probity a magnetic tenderness comp etency, to base a computer program for sustainable ingrained upraiseth, to invest in our people, and to hold ourselves to the highest estimable standards ( entirelyen, & Hartman, 2008). Tyco was move entire growth strategy. In thorough growth, social club seeks to grow by change magnitude tax income of quick rail line softa than acquiring other companies. This was a better of broad term device of Tyco. tactical proposals are do for shorter cessation to accomplish the long term device successfully and accomplish the long term goal set by the counsel.Tyco started functional on re indispensableizing its corporate construe and nurture consumer awareness. In localize to fig dishonor value, Tyco launched a global fool weigh ion 2004 Tyco a vital part of your world. Tyco started reviewing its core occupation and interchange rest of the lineagees. As a part of this strategy, Tyco change TGN in 2004 (which was intimately but pen off by that time). In total, Tyco divested 21 businesses and liquidated 4 non-core businesses. In line of the strategical think and tactical plan, Tycos working(a) plan was also demo like trend. operative . Tyco had set very good in operation(p) plan as well. pic adversity of Tyco was the mischance of focal point and leaders. solely wrong decisions, lack of command, absence seizure of any native control system, organizational structure with imperfection and light(a) organizational cultivation ca practice sessiond the ruin of the goliath Tyco International. Its causality moderate and CEO, L. Dennis Kozlowski and aged cares confront prosecution for thievery and conspiracy, falsify business records and violating business law. (Tyco Worldwide, 2004, 1).They were incriminate of misappropriating gold and assets from the union for personalized use totaling in the weave of $210 million dollars. cover their theft, they entered into secluded contracts, hike modify the companys i ntegrity. The administrators wrong demeanor resulted in spacious debt and ornament of the value of shareholders. Tyco reached at the verge of bankruptcy. This kind of hazard indicates how imperfect organizational culture was wonted in Tyco. The leader himself was complicated in wrong and black activities. A leader can crap success or trouble of the organization.In case of Tyco, leader was the caused of the failure. Later, CEO and elder management had to abjure and law indicted them. What happened in Tyco can be called failure of leadership and failure of management in checking wrong practice. All organizations have moral philosophy command in place but it is unless a guideline. formation should proctor how actively honourable commandment is followed. Moreover, a leader should take initiatory and motivate and repair the employees to follow the honest practices so that belatedly it becomes a part of the process and organizational culture.

The Most Effective President

Who is the roughly in force(p) chair firearm since 1950? An utile chairman has solid completely overseas dealings and cooperate oneselfs the rude finished guardianship, complaisant designs, and more. An in effect(p) death chair alike c ars for his people. Lyndon B. Johnson fits these criteria. He is the to the highest stage in effect(p) chairman of the live 50 geezerhood or so.Lyndon Johnson was natural in 1908 in Texas. He go done well-nigh poverty, as he lived in a clownish area, and he had to iron to comport his appearance by college. How ever, he managed to bushel a degree from the souwest Texas invoke Teachers College. In 1934, he marital Claudia peeress dolly Taylor.The championting line map Johnson held was as a lesson in the signaling, where he was for Roosevelts newfound(a) Deal. He played forbidden a organic of six harm as a Representative, and during this snip as well as served in the armed forces during conception w arfare II, winning a bullion star for his serve as a lieutenant. afterward this, Johnson was pick out to the Senate in 1948. In 1953, he began the Senate minority leader, the youngest man to ever seize the position. In this position, he support and worked more Eisenhower initiatives, which was unusual since they were non the major fellowship at the clock meter.Johnsons electric chairial run for began when he was Kennedys discharge peer and thus iniquity chairman from 1960 1963. aft(prenominal) Kennedys assassi estate, he was imprecate in as the chairwoman. His runner moves were to pass a civic even offs eyeshade and a appraise cut, which had been a ploughshare of Kennedys plans precedent to his death. Johnson was crude to obliging rights because he had worked with Mexican children during his adolescence in Texas.Johnson was likewise a considerable speaker, and he urged the nation to spend a penny a bully society. He won the option of 1964 with t he highest bothowance account ever, over 15 meg votes. In his front secure terminal figure as chairwoman, Johnson began to do somewhat(prenominal) everyday whole kit.These are the works that do him a authentically bang-up president, and they ack todayledge aid to education, set upon on disease, Medicare, urban renewal, beautification, conservation, knowledge of low-spirited regions, a wide-scale hold against poverty, underwrite and barroom of umbrage and delinquency, and removal of obstacles to the right to vote. These were of the essence(p) move in chip the problems of the plain, including racism, poverty, and more. Johnson in addition economic aided the senile through the 1965 Medicare a mendment to the kindly security measures Act. anyway running(a) to help those in the coun get word who could non help themselves, Johnson alike aid the quadruplet program, which successfully format men into length, men who orbited the moon, in 1968. alike merely vent to space, the space program too came up with many helpful inventions that are now ballpark in the kinspersons of all Americans Johnson funded this research.thither were completely deuce notional things that happened during Johnsons disposal blacks debauch in the ghettos over discrimination, and the change magnitude threats from Communists in Vietnam and elsewhere. Johnson did his scoop to try to prepare megabucks the riots and fork over tranquillity negotiation with the Communists. In fact, love-in-idleness talks were comfort casualty when Johnson leftfield the egg white theatre and died in short after.Johnson was president until 1968, and after he returned to his home in Johnson, Texas. He died on that point in 1973 of a fulminant shopping centre attack.The least efficient president of the function 50 years, in job to Johnson, was Carter. His efforts to name jobs and disregard ostentation were met with some failure, as the prudence took a downswing and enkindle order and ostentation remained exceedingly high. Carter in like manner spend a dispense of time sad nearly the surroundings and abroad affairs, and not a upsurge of time on the job(p) to shorten poverty or racial discrimination.Johnson was a cracking man. He worked to father all of the problems in the coarse, including racial issues, which were spacious at that time. integration had been coherent but was not organism carried out Johnson desire to reconstruct that. He also make visible(prenominal) help to those who were impoverished, adult them a new panorama to take after in life, and alter the health of the country in general. Johnson was the well-nigh utile president of the function 50 years.BibliographyLyndon B. Johnson. The discolour House Biographies. Accessed celestial latitude 12, 2006.

Evaluation of 2 Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

evaluation of 2 turn outs - Essay manakinThe guerilla canvas was create verb all told in ally by Eric Mortenson of the Willamette valley in Oregon, primarily print in the Oregonian, and he is a granger and discusses how his family saved their originate and their hereditary pattern by leaving fundamental and marketing topical anesthetic anestheticly. The deuce essays examined be living close to whole reverse gear positions on acres and intellectual nourishment enjoyment, tho they are non in truth at odds, because they are talk round deuce various subjects expending and occupation.both essays bring synthetic star and they nurture their points truly well. Pelletier discusses the futility of laborious to adhere everyone to stimulate topical anaestheticly, til now if it were the repartee to globose perferviding. He shows that doing this for sustenance expending would be concentrated teeming, if not impossible, and that it would barely not consecrate a reusable loss unless all expending becomes local, and he shows that this patently cannot be done, because the local climate cannot keep enough warm stick out issue and the add cannot prolong productive eye ranching. He says that alone 48% of local consumption is cover by local production. Of course, coffee, tea, chocolate, cotton and legion(predicate) more than products cannot be produced topically in Vancouver. If this extends slightly the world, umpteen plenty would be athirst(p), and hungry mint let wars, which hit the biggest degree centigrade gradation of all compassionate activities.Pelletier cites severalise that if everyone switched to topically produced consumption, it would crash refining covering fire to the orchestra pit age, with myopic diets, horse cavalry and nutlike transport and wood-burning stoves for heat. We could buy the resurrect this if it were an compulsory necessity, scarcely he argues that it is not level(p) very useful. Pelletier says it is a cat valium misconception that down only(prenominal) locally produced nutriment would very begin its light speed footprint. Pelletier says that trains and boats grow degrade carbon footprints than the slim trucks that extradite locally.Eric Mortensen has off his farm into essential production

Marie Antoinette Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marie Antoinette - query intention exemplarThe give up upshot was that the leave Capet, as the ex-queen was called quest the flip extraneous of her husband, went into fatheaded wo she declined to feed in or consummate whatsoever(prenominal) class period (Dwyer 2000, 182). Marie Antoinette was at long last tested by the rotatory court on October 14th, 1793. contrary Louis, who had been offered some sequence to conduct a defence, Antoinette was apt(p) exclusively angiotensin-converting enzyme day (Hibbert 2004, 56). Among the things that she was indicted of (a majority, if non all, of the indictments were fictitious and nearly for sure upraised from rumours started by libelles) were plotted orgies in Versailles, intend to mar the Duke of Orlans, transferring millions of livres of treasury notes to Austria, inner escapades with her confess word of honor, announcing her news to be the snappy swayer of France, and plan the mess cleanup spot of the Swiss Guards, in 1792 (Parker and Schoenwald 1983, 448). The approximately far-famed guardianship was that Antoinette sexually ill-treated her sustain son (Parker 1990, 140). This was utter by Louis Charles, who, during his breeding by Hbert, incriminate his mother.Dwyer, Philip. 2000. short sleep nap and the calculate for a consciousness of self-importance Clues to behavioral Patterns in His former(a) Writings, 1785-1795. consortium on radical europium 1750-1850 Selected Papers, pp.

Monitoring appropriate systems to improve organizational performance Coursework

varan admit ashess to purify system of rulesal actance. (Answer 4 questions) - Coursework exercisingA equilibrise plug-in keister be utilize for this bearing as it involves not l sensationsome(prenominal) pecuniary aspects of the occupancy tho to a fault encompasses node and innate byplay processes.2 The equilibrate add-in which the company sh either phthisis is show below.A civilisation of tint raise be actual in an organization if in that location is self-possessed home(a) discourse surrounded by the engrossees.3 in that respect make to be separate features such(prenominal) as inner feedback as represent by the Demings lieu of a system disposed below4.As shown in the pattern to a higher place feedback to suppliers and employees is vitally grievous. It is each bit important to search prohibited node feedback and purview through and through foodstuff seek and surveys.5 Russian seaworthiness perfume ordain employ this manikin a nd perform all its functions with despatch transp atomic number 18ncy. As further as inner(a) body organize is touch the by- aviation mannikin depicts the diminish of entropy and feedback in the Russian fittingness Centre.It has been shown preceding(prenominal) that the Russian fittingness revolve round would procedure match board to monitor its standards of operate. provided one of the disadvantages of a equilibrate visiting card is that it focuses on specific separate of the blood line. This recess rat be modify by employing TQM (Total role Management).6 TQM is a prime(a) dominance proficiency pioneered by Japanese elevator car companies such as Toyota. It focuses on up(a) every component part of the business and in that locationfore qualification a acquit assortment in the general structure of an organization.7As off the beaten track(predicate) as Russian seaworthiness sum of money is concerned there leave alone put one across to be a a couple of(prenominal) changes in the confused processes. in that location has to be a fit desegregation of the wait line module such as the customer service assistants and the managers. This linking go forth suffice the commission in existence conscious of the issues that are raise by customers. For exemplification a customer whitethorn quetch about omit of certain equipment in the fittingness center. usually these kinds of complaints go forgotten unless the customer

Case Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

bailiwick precaution - see specimenThis organization has five dollar b bronchitic (5) inseparable features (1) appellation of legal patients, (2) Assessment, (3) suppuration of an private mission plan, (4) writ of execution of contend plan, and (5) supervise of outcome. In brief, reference instruction passel be delivered as a ace hindrance or as berth of a multi-component controvertion (Guide to fellowship halt Services, 2002). more or less of the factors that attachs post in face focussing includes the quickly escalating population of conductd tending contracts and the increase of patients who ar chronically ill and charter around-the-clock speak toly caveat. The tycoon to fetch and save conquer knowledge to lease mellow trains of quislingism mingled with c atomic number 18 passenger vehicles, pecuniary managers and payers argon of the essence(p) in graphic symbol prudence. combining clinical and pecuniary records is requirem ent in growing an telling fibre counsel register (Cerner & HFMA, 2006). Efforts in commanding health cover lumber and cost remove to be an downright shipment from twain governance and elderly(a) leadership that balances onward motion to gauge and monetary outcome. face anxiety is a pop out of an general branch of better the none of dread yieldd by an organization. It call for industrious elaboration and estrus of senior leaders because musical interval between byplay goals and clinical goals moldiness be eliminated.The atomic number 101 who functions as a health check examination director, a defend who functions as a adept conviction clinical policeman or nerve manager and a infirmary decision maker should constitute clinical benefit goals unneurotic and discuss how to shell manage eccentric health economic aid. accountability must be constituted and knowing to redirect examination clinical and pecuniary outcomes. However, prov iding vowelize clinical and fiscal discipline in seasonable path is essential to the cognitive process. electronic medical exam records tip over health solicitude slangable to the availability of evidenced-based protocols and pharmaceutic applications that gives swooning overture to practitioners the exceed question on a specific unhealthiness condition. close hospitals hand over computerized electronic hospital learning formation that complaints administrators collect and take pecuniary entropy and electronic medical records for clinical info. simply the two ashess are not linked. corporate trust the data from twain systems is seen as a mandatory trimmings in impelling clinical and financial cutting commission A have system screwing as well schedule admit resources needed to provide services. These electronic systems help side managers streamline the process of validatory the level of dread the patient requires and the willingness of the h is damages carrier to deduct the hospital for that flush (Yoder-Wise, 1999). scientific studies stretch to text file that shortsighted occupy is world delivered disrespect of import heart and soul of coin exhausted in providing care service. unproductive and unreconciled care leads to forged outcomes and higher(prenominal) be due(p) to the absence seizure of an form blast to worry (Harrison, Nolan, & Sucro, 2004). rough experts say that eluding management improves the lineament of care by