Consultant Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Example for Free

Consultant Recommendations World Cup Brazil 2014 Essay Introduction: Sport tourism is a significant part of the tourism industry, which has a remarkable impact on many aspects to the hosting region of the event. The Olympic games and the world cup have a long history since the Roman Empire, however; those mega events have established new developments in which they have improved the tourism industry depending on their geography. This paper will analyze the World Cup event that will be held in Brazil this year and will illustrate it’s Strength, weaknesses, Opportunities, and threats in order to conclude a beneficial recommendations that can make the country having a successful event. Overview: Brazil is the largest country in South America; the population is approximately 200,000,000 people with a tropical climate. The country is culturally rich and well known of their passion to Football as thy won the World Cup 5 times in their history. Strengths: Brazil’s economy is booming and the money that is been generated is being invested in infrastructure and projects for the future. Airports are being improved, roads are being built and public transportation expanded. New hotels are being constructed and more and more people are being employed and trained to handle the influx of tourists in the coming years. Moreover, beside the wealth in culture Brazil can offer to its tourist a magnificent natural beauty starting from the Amazon jungle, Amazon River, and many other tropical rainforests, which exposes a variety of animal species. Moreover, it also offers white sand beaches and bays that line the cost. As a result, tourists who will visit the region to watch the  World Cup will have the opportunity to explore the other aspects of the country that will enhance their experience and promote the destination even after the sport events. Weaknesses: According to FIFA president Sepp Blatter, the country was provided with 7 years preparation for the World Cup, which considered the longest period provided to a country to prepare for the event. Yet, it also considered the poorest preparation according to Sepp. (Rumsby, B. 2014). He views the preparation as less efficient than the South Africa preparation in 2010 that made their revenues from scratch. The infrastructure and the public transport system in the country are not in a high standard in most areas. Another major concern to the government of Brazil and the tourist around the world, who want to attend the events, is the high crime rate in the category of robbery, rape, fraud, and residential thefts. â€Å"There is significant and sustained organized criminal activity throughout Brazil, especially in major cities†(Brazil Crime and Safety Report, 2013). Poverty also is a major derive for crime and the increase of drug addicts in Brazil. The weaknesses could be summarized into the slow preparation (building stadiums), infrastructure, crime rate, and poverty. Opportunities: Besides the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Brazil will also host the 2016 Summer Olympic Games. These sport events will bring countless tourism opportunities to Brazil. According to Whether it be a construction project for the Olympic facilities, or a business that benefits indirectly, such as a hotel or a property located nearby, these major sport events will offer opportunities for almost every type of entrepreneur and investor to make a healthy return (Brazil. Land of the Future, Para 2). Brazil will spend money to developing infrastructure, health centers, transportation facilities and other aspects of hospitality. An increasing number of tourists will be attracted by the World Cup and come to Brazil to travel. Therefore, the World Cup in Brazil is creating a huge number of jobs in the tourism industry, because it requires a large number of volunteers and workers to help the World cup succeed. More tourists also can develop  the economic of Brazil and increase the income for workers. The World Cup can attract much investment to Brazil that can help the business opportunities. â€Å"It is estimated that the world cup in 2014 will generate more than R$ 140bi to the Brazilian economy, between direct and indirect investments. (Global Intelligence Alliance, Para 4). That means these investments from foreign investors can help the economic growth of Brazil. Threats: In Brazil people demonstrated their anger by having a mass protest in different cities complaining about the high cost of living, low quality of education, and the high-cost of transportation (CNN, 2013, para.8). Riots in Brazil raises fear of transporting the event to the United Stated for security manner. There are many Brazilian supporters to the event to be established in their country. On the other hand, some opposition arises and took the world media coverage as an advantage to raise their concerns about the million of dollars being spent on the cup instead of investing it on health, education, transportation, and housing. According to BBC news there was 2,500 people in Sao Paulo who went to the streets and complained about the cost of staging the World Cup in Brazil (BBC NEWS, 2014). Recommendation: In conclusion, tourism industry during sports events is mainly shaped by economic, infrastructure, mega-structure, and political components. They could have either positive and/or negative outcomes contingent on the location. Tourism illiteracy should be eradicated by raising awareness of the benefits of the revenue of tourism. It may take time and effort to educate the people about the tourism impact on their daily life, but the success of delivering the message is worthy due to its future benefits. Brazil is not the first country who had riots before a sport event, it happened before in London before the Olympics games, and the managed to have a successful event(Duarte, F. 2013). We highly recommend the authority and people in Brazil to move forward with their event hosting plan and not stop in the halfway of making an event that will print a positive impact about Brazil to the rest of the world. References Montague, J. (Jul19, 2013). CNN. World Cup only benefits outsiders, say Brazil protesters, Retrieved from: http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/18/world/americas/brazil-protests-montague/index.html Rumsby, B. (Jan 06, 2014). World Cup 2014: No country has ever been so far behind in preparations as Brazil, says Sepp Blatter. Retrieved from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10553002/World-Cup-2014-No-country-has-ever-been-so-far-behind-in-preparations-as-Brazil-says-Sepp-Blatter.html Ford, P. D. (2014). OSAC. Brazil 2013 Crime and Safety Report: Rio de Janeiro. Retrieved from: https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=13966 Whibley, J. (August 13, 2013). Brazil Expects World Cup to Bring R$25b. Retrieved from: http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/brazil-expects-world-cup-to-bring-r25-billion/# Duarte, F. (Jul 04, 2013). Futebol Brasil. Deal with it: Brazil will host the World Cup. Retrieved from: http://espnfc.com/blog/_/name/futebolbrasil/id/317?c c=5901 Brazil. Land of the Future, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.brazil-future.com/home/2014-brazil-fifa-world-cup-and-the-2016-rio- olympic-games/ Global Intelligence Alliance. 2014 World Cup Opportunities Beckon Foreign Investors to Brazil, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.globalintelligence.com/ insights/all/2014-world-cup-opportunities-beck on-foreign-investors-to-brazil

The Battle of Bougainville :: essays research papers

The Solomon Islands campaign began with the taking of Guadalcanal in December 1942. In February 1943 the Russell Islands fell, and the New Georgia group followed in August 1943. At the end of 1943, the campaign reached its goal when American troops gained a solid foothold on the island of Bougainville. The Russells, New Georgia and Bougainville were objectives Objective: Isolate Rabaul The objective of the Solomon Islands campaign was to cut off Japan's major forward air and naval base at Rabaul, on the island of New Britain. Rabaul was the hub of Japanese air power in the south Pacific--a stopping point for planes coming from New Guinea in the southwest and Truk, the home of the Japanese Combined Fleet, in the south central Pacific. Bougainville was key to neutralizing Rabaul. Preliminary Attacks The first attack on Bougainville occurred Aug. 15, 1943. Eight Corsairs from Marine Fighter Squadron 214 (later known as the Black Sheep) flew up from the Russell Islands to strafe the Kahili airfield during American amphibious landings on the island of Vella Lavella. The lightning strike--a surprise so complete the Japanese did not have time to shoot back--damaged aircraft and refueling equipment on the ground and forestalled a night attack on the American amphibious force. because of their value as air bases. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay The evening of the landing, Army reconnaissance aircraft reported that a large Japanese surface force was heading for Bougainville. Task Force 39 intercepted it about 2:30 the following morning 45 miles west of Empress Augusta Bay. The American ships, executing maneuvers at breakneck speeds in the darkness to avoid Japanese long-range torpedoes, sank two enemy ships after three hours of heavy fire. With two other ships damaged in collisions while trying to avoid American torpedoes, the scattered Japanese chose to retreat. The American force had only two ships hit, both of which sustained moderate damage. The Japanese Response Battle of Empress Augusta Bay The evening of the landing, Army reconnaissance aircraft reported that a large Japanese surface force was heading for

Human Trafficking in the US

Sex Trafficking in the United States Imagine yourself leaving for a trip that you have been looking forward to. You get packed, board the plane, and then finally you arrive at your destination. After settling in you go explore the area. At this point, you are kidnapped. You cannot do anything to protect yourself or to escape. You end up being forced to strip your clothes and have your body sold. You are now an object, no longer a person. Welcome to the victims' world of sex trafficking.Because sex trafficking is an underground business, it may be difficult to completely stop this exploitation. Knowing the signs, watching for human sex trafficking, and acting quickly can save countless lives. Sex Trafficking is any practice that involves moving people within and across local or national boundaries for the purpose of sexual exploitation (Farr 2). It is the fastest growing crime in the United States and the second largest illegal trade after the drug industry. Human Trafficking has been going on for over one hundred years.Human Sex Trafficking happens all over the world, including the United States. There are approximately twenty-seven million victims of sex trafficking worldwide; three undred thousand of them are women and children bought and sold yearly here in the U. S. Of the three hundred thousand sex slaves sold in the US, 25% are forced into the business by parents or family members and 75% are former runaways. Each year, 1. 7 million children run away from home. From that number, 90% will be approached by traffickers within 48 hours. Many of which do not make it out the industry alive.In the state of Texas alone, there are only 99 known survivors in the last 20 years whoVe managed to escape sexual slavery (Preda. org). Victims of sexual slavery are not all kidnapped, majority are tricked into the business. Most of the women trafficked into brothels posing as massage businesses are not U. S. citizens, and many do not have documented status. Therefore, traff ickers use the threat of deportation to maintain control of immigrant women. Without legal status, the women frequently fear and distrust police or government authorities.Immigrant women are vulnerable due to language barriers, unfamiliarity with their legal rights in the US, and/or the lack of a local support network. Others can be women with financial need or in debt leave the women vulnerable to recruiters, who appear to be offering legal Jobs. Sex trafficking thrives because it is low in risk and high in pay off. The United States FBI estimates about three thousand Russian mobsters control gangs in American cities that involve forced prostitution (Stoecker, Shelly 14). These groups generate 7 billion dollars yearly in the United States.Since there are currently no consistent or accurate ways of tracking these crimes, statistics may vary. Because this is a large and very detailed business, many people are involved throughout the process. Everyone involved has a role to play to en sure the process is done quickly and smoothly. The recruiter finds and brings the victims into the industry usually by force or deception. The recruiter then sells the women to brokers or directly to employers. Brokers are the â€Å"middleman†; they buy the women from recruiters and sell them to employers, those who own brothels or bars.If the women are being transported from overseas, a contractor organizes the transaction. Next an Employment or Travel agent is needed. Their main purpose is to arrange a â€Å"legitimate† Job and Job description or a† legitimate† trip. A document theft or forger obtains all the legal documentation needed to travel from country to country. The transporter travels with the women to each destination and delivers them to the recruiter. Who then sells them to the employers. The employers provide the women with a place to live and work; telling them of the working conditions, living arrangements, and lifestyle.A large number of e mployers are bar or club owners, while a very small percentage of them are street pimps. For large establishments an enforcer serves as security for the place of business (Farr 63). The life of a sex slave can be compared to an animal caged in a zoo. You are brought out only to do your trick, and then locked in a cage again. Victims, usually ages 11-17, are chained to a bed or confined in small living quarter's majority of the day until they are fed, usually something light to keep their weight down. Then they are given ice-cold showers to reduce the swelling on their bodies.Attendants then cover-up their bruises from the night before, put make-up on the girls, and then present them to another group of men for more abuse and profit. The women usually serve 5 to 30 men a night. Many of these victims turn to drugs as a solace for the life they have been brought into. Drugs and beatings numb their capacity for thoughts of escape and further iscourage the energy or alertness required to act on their desire for freedom. Many never make it out of the industry alive (preda. org). Stopping Sex Trafficking is harder than it may seem.There are signs of human sex trafficking that everyone should be aware of. Visible indicators may include: Heavvy security at the commercial establishment including barred windows, locked doors, isolated location, and electronic surveillance. Women are never seen leaving the premises unless escorted. Victims live at the same premises as ‘the brothel or work site, or are driven between uarters and â€Å"work† by a guard. Victims are kept under surveillance when taken to a doctor, hospital or clinic for treatment; trafficker may act as a translator.High foot traffic especially for brothels where there may be trafficked women indicated often by a stream of men arriving and leaving the premises. Physical signs of a person being trafficked include: malnutrition, dehydration or poor personal hygiene; sexually transmitted diseases; si gns of rape or sexual abuse; bruising, broken bones, or other signs of untreated medical problems; critical illnesses including diabetes, cancer or eart disease; post-traumatic stress or psychological disorders (humantraffcking. org).

Lithification Defined and Explained

Lithification is how soft sediments, the end product of erosion, become rigid rock (lithi- means rock in scientific Greek). It begins when sediment, like sand, mud, silt and clay,  is laid down for the last time and becomes gradually buried and compressed under new sediment. Sediments Fresh sediment is usually loose material that is full of open spaces, or pores, filled with air or water. Lithification acts to reduce that pore space and replace it with a solid mineral material. The main processes involved in lithification are compaction and cementation. Compaction involves squeezing the sediment into a smaller volume by packing the sediment particles more closely, by removing water from the pore space (desiccation) or by pressure solution at the points where sediment grains contact each other. Cementation involves filling pore space with solid minerals (usually calcite or quartz) that are deposited from solution or that enable existing sediment grains to grow into the pores. The pore space does not need to be eliminated for lithification to be complete. All of the processes of lithification can continue to modify a rock after it has first become a rigid solid. Diagenesis Lithification occurs entirely within the early stage of diagenesis. Other words that overlap with lithification are induration, consolidation, and petrifaction. Induration covers everything that makes rocks harder, but it extends to materials that are already lithified. Consolidation is a more general term that also applies to the solidification of magma and lava. Petrifaction today refers specifically to the replacement of organic matter with minerals to create fossils, but in the past it was more loosely used to mean lithification. Alternate Spellings: lithifaction

Zone of Proximal Development Definition, Examples

The zone of proximal development is the gap between what a learner has mastered and what they can potentially master with support and assistance. This concept, highly influential in educational psychology, was first introduced by Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky in the 1930s. Origins Lev Vygotsky, who was interested in education and the learning process, felt that standardized tests were an inadequate measure of a childs readiness for further learning. He contended that standardized tests measure the child’s current independent knowledge while overlooking the child’s potential capability to successfully learn new material. Vygotsky recognized that a certain amount of learning happens automatically as children mature, a notion championed by developmental psychologists like Jean Piaget. However, Vygotsky also believed that in order to advance their learning even further, children must engage in social interaction with more knowledgeable others. These more knowledgeable others, like parents and teachers, introduce children to the tools and skills of their culture, such as writing, math, and science. Vygotsky passed away at a young age before he could fully develop his theories, and his work wasn’t translated from his native Russian for a number of years following his death. Today, however, Vygotskys ideas are important in the study of education—especially the process of teaching. Definition The zone of proximal development is the gap between what a student can do independently and what they can potentially do with the help of a more knowledgeable other. Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as follows: â€Å"The zone of proximal development is the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.† In the zone of proximal development, the learner is close to developing the new skill or knowledge, but they need assistance and encouragement. For example, imagine a student has just mastered basic addition. At this point, basic subtraction may enter their zone of proximal development, meaning that they have the ability to learn subtraction and will likely be able to master it with guidance and support. However, algebra is probably not in this students zone of proximal development yet, as mastering algebra requires an understanding of numerous other fundamental concepts. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development offers learners the best chance to master new skills and knowledge, so the student should be taught subtraction, not algebra, after mastering addition. Vygotsky noted that a childs current knowledge is not equivalent to their zone of proximal development. Two children might receive equal scores on a test of their knowledge (e.g. demonstrating knowledge of at an eight-year-old level), but different scores on a test of their problem-solving ability (both with and without adult help). If learning is taking place in the zone of proximal development, only a small amount of assistance will be required. If too much assistance is given, the child may learn only to parrot the teacher rather than mastering the concept independently. Scaffolding Scaffolding refers to the support given to the learner who is attempting to learn something new in the zone of proximal development. That support might include tools, hands-on activities, or direct instruction. When the student first begins to learn the new concept, the teacher will offer a great deal of support. Over time, the support is gradually tapered off until the learner has fully mastered the new skill or activity. Just as a scaffold is removed from a building when construction is complete, the teachers support is removed once the skill or concept has been learned. Learning to ride a bike offers an easy example of scaffolding. At first, a child will ride a bike with training wheels to ensure that the bike stays upright. Next, the training wheels will come off and a parent or other adult may run alongside the bicycle helping the child to steer and balance. Finally, the adult will step aside once can ride independently. Scaffolding is typically discussed in conjunction with the zone of proximal development, but Vygotsky himself did not coin the term. The concept of scaffolding was introduced in the 1970s as an expansion of Vygotskys ideas. Role in the Classroom The zone of proximal development is a useful concept for teachers. To ensure that students are learning in their zone of proximal development, teachers must provide new opportunities for students to work slightly beyond their current skills and provide ongoing, scaffolded support to all students. The zone of proximal development has been applied to the practice of reciprocal teaching, a form of reading instruction. In this method, teachers lead students in executing four skills—summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting—when reading a passage of text. Gradually, students take over the responsibility for utilizing these skills themselves. Meanwhile, the teacher continues to offer assistance as needed, reducing the amount of support they provide over time. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"What is the Zone of Proximal Development?† Verywell Mind, 29 December 2018. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-zone-of-proximal-development-2796034Crain, William. Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding.† Simply Psychology, 2012. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.htmlVygotsky, L. S. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press, 1978.

The Sociological Imagination And Use Essay - 1683 Words

1. Explain what it means to use the sociological imagination and use at least one example to make your point. †¢ Wright Mills explains it as a vivid awareness of the relationship between your personal experience and the bigger society. so the way i would put it into my own words is knowing that the reason you do something isn’t the reason why another person does it. An example of this is going for a run. People can go on a run for many different reasons like to lose weight, to tone their body, for run, to be healthy and ect. 2. How would a conflict theorist explain the educational system in the United States? How would this differ from how a functionalist might see it? †¢ A social conflict theorist might explain our educational system in the U.S. as competitive like we are all competing against each other to get the best paying job. This is different from the functionalist because they would see it as all of us working together to achieve a goal. 3. Discuss the main ideas of symbolic interactionism. †¢ Society is the product of everyday interactions of the self. †¢ Its micro-level †¢ Its an ongoing process †¢ People interact in many ways using this. 4. What is the difference between correlation and causation? Which is harder to prove and why? Use an example to explain your answer. †¢ Correlation is usually when two things tend to happen together at the same time and causation is something happens because of something else. I think it is harder to prove causation becauseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the sociological imagination and its use in sociology.1483 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagnation The sociological imagination is the ability to look at the everyday world and understand how it operates in order to make sense of their lives. It is a state of mind, which enables us to think critically about and understand the society in which we live, and our place in that world as individuals and as a whole. C. Wright Mills, first wrote of the concept in 1959. His understanding of it being that it was a quest for sociological understanding involving a form of consciousnessRead MoreSociological Imagination1017 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of â€Å"sociological imagination† is one that can be explained many different ways. A simple way to think of the sociological imagination is to see it as a way a person thinks, where they know that what they do from day to day in their private lives (like the choices they make), are sometimes influenced by the larger environment in which they live (Mills 1959, 1). What C.W. Mills meant by this concept is that it is the ability to â⠂¬Å"understand the larger historical scene in terms of its meaningRead MoreSociology Imagination833 Words   |  4 Pagesdefined sociological imagination as the vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society. The sociological imagination is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another: from the political to the psychological; from examination of a single family to comparative assessment of the national budgets of the world; from the theological school to the military establishment; from considerations of an oil industry to studies of contemporary poetry.[1] Sociological Imagination:Read MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesPaper Grade: 75 / C The Sociological Imagination The sociological imagination is an idea or a way of thinking that interlocks an individual in a society with the society as a whole. Most people refer to sociology as the study of how people or individuals interact with each other. In order to fully understand sociology and the concept of the sociological imagination as proposed by C. Wright Mills, one has to be able to envision the individual and the society working together to better understandRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination And Me Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe Sociological Imagination and Me Charles Wright Mills was a writer, a researcher, a teacher, a scholar and a well known sociologist. He was the author of the 1959 book, The Sociological Imagination. This book was poorly received by the sociological community at first, but it is one of the most widely read sociological texts today. The Sociological Imagination and Mills’ other works have had an immense impact on sociology, as he influenced many other scholars and the â€Å"New Left† movement of theRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills799 Words   |  4 Pages The sociological imagination, a concept used by C. Wright Mills, is essentially the ability to perceive a situation or act in a much larger social context as well as examining the situation or act from many perspectives. In particular, it plays a paramount role in Donna Gaines Teenage Wasteland. It is a tragic story of 4 teens who together, committed suicide. The teens were deemed as â€Å"dropouts, druggies† [Teenage W asteland 8.2] by newspapers and were still treated with disdain even after theirRead MoreAnalysis Of Dalton Conley s You May Ask Yourself 1267 Words   |  6 PagesDalton Conley’s book, You May Ask Yourself, defines sociological imagination as, â€Å"The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces† (Conley 2015, pg. A-11). Sociological Imagination is the idea of being able to step outside of the box, and evaluate society from an alternative point of view. Symbolic Interactionism, norms, socialization, and the idea of understanding yourself vs. understanding the social aspect ofRead MoreSociological Imagination Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesFrom The Sociological Imagination by C. Wright Mills addresses a distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Mills uses specific examples like unemployment and societal development. Mills explains the ability to connect the ind ividual problems with societal problems. Throughout the text, we can see how Mills uses the perspective of an individual to explain the perspective of society and vice versa. Using sociological imagination, I will explain how education is influenced by societyRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination and Freedom from Feelings of Entrapment1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe sociological imagination is the â€Å"quality of mind† (Mills, 1959: 4) that enables individuals to look outside their private sphere of consciousness and identify the structures and institutions in society that influence or cause their personal experiences. In this way, by looking at the bigger picture, they can understand their place in society and explain their circumstance in terms of societal influence. It was developed by Mills in a time of great social upheaval – industrialisation, globalisation

Awareness and Application of Sustainable Construction †Free Samples

Question: Discuss avout the Awareness and Application of Sustainable Construction. Answer: Introduction The domestic sector in the United Kingdom account for a large percentage of the energy consumption (Barrett, et al, n.d.). The major energy consumers are space and water heating as opposed to lighting and electrical appliances. Some statistics prove that the older a building is the poorer its energy performance. When the space heating is saved, there is a significant scope for energy efficiency improvements. The structure, construction process and the occupancy process are deemed environmentally responsible and resource efficient in sustainable construction. The practice is maintained throughout the buildings entire life cycle from the site location, to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. The main aim of green construction is to have development that satisfies the needs of the current population without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Abidin, 2010). Construction is considered sustainable if it enhances living, working and leisure environment for the population management, consumes minimum energy as well as generating minimum waste over its life cycle. Such a construction integrates with the natural environment and ensures the use of renewable resources where possible. Green construction avoids causing permanent damage to the natural environment by demolitions and consumption of a large amount of resources. It is rather considered unsustainable when it causes unnecessary waste of energy, water or materials due to short life, poor design, inefficiency or the low standard construction techniques (Ortiz, et al, 2009). The zero or low carbon design technologies seek to introduce high standards of fabric energy efficiency so as to reduce the energy demand and to incorporate low carbon energy technologies to reduce the carbon emissions from heat and power generation. The projects require a huge investment in the carbon-saving infrastructure deployment in the construction of residential and commercial sites (John, et al, 2005). The aim of the sustainable construction is to reduce wastage and carbon emissions while ensuring that the natural resources are maintained for the future generations. The zero carbon design technologies implemented usually seek to reduce the need for energy as well as utilize the available energy efficiently. Some of the non-depletable natural energy sources are used such as the wind and solar energy. Biomass is a form of bio-energy that is obtained from the wood fuel, energy crops or the wood waste, agricultural residues of the biological components (Matthews, et al, 2012). The designers such as the architects and the engineers are responsible for the design of a building that optimizes the electrical, heating, and cooling loads. The construction depends highly on the selection of specific materials to use and reduce the loads. This is achieved by the design and utilization of free energy gains or the passive gains and the specification of mechanical and electrical equipment and systems that satisfy the energy loads. The designs should aim at creating a more commercially viable zero carbon home by orienting it for maximum solar gain and renewable energy generation. The designs seek to conserve all the resources and ensure that the structure is self-sufficient. The use of large windows on the sides of residential buildings, plantation to cover the open lands or even on the walls of buildings gives an ecological feel. The use of efficient water gutter system to collect rain water for reuse in house chores. Another design approach is the installation of so lar heaters on the rooftops to conserve electricity when hot water is required (Ilha, et al, 2009). The life cycle assessment is a very resourceful tool for assessing environmental performance and sustainable development. One of the key ways to manage the zero carbon in sustainable construction is to involve it in legislation. It should be stated as a mandatory target as well as have a strategic plan to eliminate the carbon emissions to the highest level by the year 2050 in the UK and in 2030 in the USA. The international community needs to embrace the move to ensure that the environment is protected. There are several decisions that need to be made when considering the sustainable construction such as the increase of profit margins, green credentials, and business opportunities (Kukudia, et al, 2004). The choice of renewable energy systems is highly dependent on the construction site. The site could be located in a region where the solar energy is abundant or where there is a lot of wind. In the urban areas, there is a lot of waste materials that can be converted to biomass which is another suitable form of energy especially for small energy requirements such as heating and cooking. Many building are coming up with designs that conserve the natural resource management provided. The key concern on lighting is achieved by ensuring that the building is well lit and no electricity is used for lighting during the day. During the night, there can be solar energy, wind energy, or hydropower. Water is another key resource in construction and residential setups. Rain water can be collected and used for the wash areas and toilets. The greywater can be used to irrigate, water the open areas or even in washing cars (Ugwu, 2006). Conclusion To reduce the carbon footprint during construction, the operational team needs to use products that cause minimal harm to the environment. These materials need to be energy efficient in terms of their manufacture, distribution, use and disposal. The paper broadly discusses the environmentally friendly alternatives such as the use of low energy forms of construction as well as being mindful of processes that could cause emission of CO2. Reference List Halliday, S. Sustainable Construction; Butterworth Heinemann: London, UK, 2008. Barrett, P.S.; Sexton, M.G.; Green, L. Integrated delivery systems for sustainable construction. Build. Res. Inf, 27, 397404. Abidin, N.Z. Investigating the awareness and application of sustainable construction concept by Malaysian developers. Habitat Int. 2010, 34, 421426. Ortiz, O.; Castells, F.; Sonnemann, G. Sustainability in the construction industry: A review of recent developments based on LCA Constr. Build. Mater. 2009, 23, 2839. Ortiz, O.; Pasqualino, J.C.; Castells, F. Environmental performance of construction waste: Comparing three scenarios from a case study in Catalonia, Spain. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 646654. John, G.; Clements-Croome, D.; Jeronimidis, G. Sustainable building solutions: A review of lessons from natural world. Build. Environ. 2005, 40, 319328. Bainbridge, D.A. Sustainable building as appropriate technology. In Building without Borders: Sustainable Construction for the Global Village; Kennedy, J., Ed.; New Society Publishers: Gabriola Island, Canada, 2004; pp. 5584. Ugwu, O.O.; Kumaraswamy, M.M.; Wong, A.; Ng, S.T. Sustainability appraisal in infrastructure projects (SUSAIP) Part 1. Development of indicators and computational methods. Autom. Construct. 2006, 15, 239251. Matthews, E.; Amann, C.; Fischer-Kowalski, M.; Huttler, W.; Kleijn, R.; Moriguchi, Y.; Ottke, C.; Rodenburg, E.; Rogich, D.; Schandl, H.; Schutz, H.; van der Voet, E.; Weisz, H. The Weight of Nations: Material Outflows from Industrial Economies; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2000; Available online: https://pdf.wri.org/weight_of_nations.p (accessed on 24 May 2009) Buildings 2012, 2 148 Ilha, M.S.O.; Oliveira, L.H.; Gonalves, O.M. Environmental assessment of residential buildings with an emphasis on water conservation. Build. Serv. Eng. Res. Technol. 2009, 30, 1526. Kukadia, V.; Hall, D.J. Improving Air Quality in Urban Environments: Guidance for the construction Industry; Building Research Establishment (BRE) Bookshop, CRC Ltd.: London, UK, 2004.